ASTM D4791-99

Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentages of flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregates.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard except in regard to sieve size and the size of aggregate which are given in SI units in accordance with Specification E11. The SI units in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-1999
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.51 - Aggregate Tests

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4791-05 - Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7564/D7564M-16 - Standard Practice for Construction of Asphalt-Rubber Cape Seal
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1139/D1139M-22 - Standard Specification for Aggregate for Single or Multiple Asphalt Surface Treatments
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6932/D6932M-21 - Standard Guide for Materials and Construction of Open-Graded Friction Course Plant Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7064/D7064M-21 - Standard Practice for Open-Graded Friction Course (OGFC) Asphalt Mixture Design
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4791–99
Standard Test Method for
Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated
Particles in Coarse Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.2 flat and elongated particles of aggregate—those par-
ticles having a ratio of length to thickness greater than a
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the per-
specified value.
centages of flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and
3.1.3 length—maximum dimension of the particle.
elongated particles in coarse aggregates.
3.1.4 width—maximum dimension in the plane perpendicu-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
lar to the length
as the standard except in regard to sieve size and the size of
3.1.5 thickness—maximum dimension perpendicular to the
aggregate, which are given in SI units in accordance with
length and width.
Specification E 11. The SI units in parentheses are for infor-
mation purposes only.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Individual particles of aggregate of specific sieve sizes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are measured to determine the ratios of width to thickness,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
length to width, or length to thickness.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Flat or elongated particles of aggregates, for some
2. Referenced Documents
construction uses, may interfere with consolidation and result
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in harsh, difficult to place materials.
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
2 5.2 This test method provides a means for checking com-
Aggregates
pliance with specifications that limit such particles or to
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
2 determine the relative shape characteristics of coarse aggre-
Aggregates
gates.
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
Testing Size
6. Apparatus
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
6.1 The apparatus used shall be equipment suitable for
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing
testing aggregate particles for compliance with the definitions
Purposes
in 3.1, at the dimensional ratios desired.
6.1.1 Proportional Caliper Device—The proportional cali-
3. Terminology
per devices illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 are examples
3.1 Definitions:
of devices suitable for this test method. The device illustrated
3.1.1 flat or elongated particles of aggregate—those par-
in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 consists of a base plate with two fixed posts
ticlesofaggregatehavingaratioofwidthtothicknessorlength
and a swinging arm mounted between them so that the
to width greater than a specified value (see Terminology
openings between the arms and the posts maintain a constant
C 125).
ratio. The axis position can be adjusted to provide the desired
ratio of opening dimensions. Fig. 1 illustrates a device on
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road
which ratios of 1:2, 1:3, 1;4, and 1:5 may be set. The device
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
illustrated in Fig. 3 contains several fixed posts and has the
Aggregate Tests.
capability of measuring various ratios simultaneously.
Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published September 1999. Originally
published as D 4791 – 89. Last previous edition D 4791 – 95.
6.1.1.1 Verification of Ratio—The ratio settings on the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
proportional caliper device shall be verified by the use of a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
4 machined block, micrometer, or other appropriate device.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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D4791–99
TABLE 2
a. Test for elongation
b. Test for flatness
Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm in. mm
1 7 1
⁄8 3.2 ⁄8 21.2 2 ⁄2 64.0
3 7
⁄16 4.8 1 25.4 2 ⁄8 72.0
1 1 3
⁄4 6.3 1 ⁄16 27.0 3 ⁄4 96.0
5 1
⁄16 7.9 1 ⁄2 38.0 8 207.0
3 5
⁄8 9.5 1 ⁄8 41.0 16 414.0
FIG. 2 Use of Proportional Caliper
8. Procedure
8.1 If determination by mass is required, oven dry the
sample to constant mass at a temperature of 230 6 9°F (1106
FIG. 1 Proportional Caliper
5°C). If determination is by particle count, drying is not
necessary.
8.2 Sieve the sample to be tested in accordance with Test
6.1.2 Balance—The balance or scales used shall be accurate Method C 136. Using the material retained on the 9.5 mm ( ⁄8
to 0.5 % of the mass of the sample.
in.) or 4.75 mm (No. 4), as required by the specification being
used, reduce each size fraction present in the amount of 10 %
7. Sampling
or more of the original sample in accordance with Practice
C 702 until approximately 100 particles are obtained for each
7.1 SamplethecoarseaggregateinaccordancewithPractice
size fraction required.
D 75. The mass of the field sample shall be the mass shown in
8.3 Flat Par
...