ASTM A928/A928M-00
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal
Standard Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers electric-fusion-welded steel pipe suitable for corrosive service. Note 1-The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this specification for traditional terms such as "nominal diameter," "size," and "nominal size."
1.2 This specification covers nine grades of ferritic/austenitic steel as indicated in Table 1. The selection of the proper alloy and requirements for heat treatment shall be at the discretion of the purchaser, dependent on the service conditions to be encountered.
1.3 Five classes of pipe are covered as follows:
1.3.1 Class 1 -Pipe shall be double welded by processes using filler metal in all passes and shall be radiographed completely.
1.3.2 Class 2 -Pipe shall be double welded by processes using filler metal in all passes. No radiograph is required.
1.3.3 Class 3 -Pipe shall be single welded by processes using filler metal in all passes and shall be radiographed completely.
1.3.4 Class 4 -Same as Class 3, except that the weld pass exposed to the inside pipe surface may be made without the addition of filler metal (see 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2).
1.3.5 Class 5 -Pipe shall be double welded by processes using filler metal in all passes and shall be spot radiographed.
1.4 Supplementary requirements covering provisions ranging from additional testing to formalized procedures for manufacturing practice are provided. Supplementary Requirements S1 through S4 are included as options to be specified when desired.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the "M" designation of the specification is specified in the order.
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Designation: A 928/A 928M – 00
Standard Specification for
Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric
Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 928/A 928M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M desig-
1.1 This specification covers electric-fusion-welded steel
nation of the specification is specified in the order.
pipe suitable for corrosive service.
NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has 2. Referenced Documents
been substituted in this specification for traditional terms such as nominal
2.1 ASTM Standards:
diameter, size, and nominal size.
A 240/A 240M Specification for Heat-Resisting Chromium
1.2 This specification covers nine grades of ferritic/
and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and
austenitic steel as indicated in Table 1. The selection of the
Strip for Pressure Vessels
proper alloy and requirements for heat treatment shall be at the
A 480/A 480M Specification for General Requirements for
discretion of the purchaser, dependent on the service conditions
Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,
to be encountered.
Sheet, and Strip
1.3 Five classes of pipe are covered as follows:
A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-
1.3.1 Class 1—Pipe shall be double welded by processes
lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys
using filler metal in all passes and shall be radiographed
A 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements for
completely.
Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
1.3.2 Class 2—Pipe shall be double welded by processes
E 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-
using filler metal in all passes. No radiograph is required.
nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-
1.3.3 Class 3—Pipe shall be single welded by processes
itic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
using filler metal in all passes and shall be radiographed
2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
completely.
Section III, Nuclear Vessels
1.3.4 Class 4—Same as Class 3, except that the weld pass
Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels
exposed to the inside pipe surface may be made without the
Section IX, Welding Qualifications
addition of filler metal (see 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2).
2.3 AWS Specifications:
1.3.5 Class 5—Pipe shall be double welded by processes
A 5.4 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-
using filler metal in all passes and shall be spot radiographed.
Nickel Steel Covered Welding Electrodes
1.4 Supplementary requirements covering provisions rang-
A 5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-
ing from additional testing to formalized procedures for
Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes
manufacturing practice are provided. Supplementary Require-
A 5.11 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Covered Welding Elec-
ments S1 through S4 are included as options to be specified
trodes
when desired.
A 5.14 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Rods and
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
Electrodes
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
A 5.22 Flux Cored Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
Chromium-Nickel Steel Electrodes
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
1 4
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products. New York, NY 10017.
Current edition approved May 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally Available from American Welding Society, 550 LeJeune Road, P.O. Box
published as A 928/A 928M – 94. Last previous edition A 928/A 928M – 98. 351040, Miami, FL 33135.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 928/A 928M – 00
TABLE 1 Pipe and Filler Metal Specifications
ASTM Plate
A5.4 A5.9 A5.11 A5.14 A5.22 A5.30
Grade UNS Designation Specification No.
Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS
and Grade
. . . S31200 A 240 S31200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S31260 A 240 S31260 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S31500 A 240 S31500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S31803 A 240 S31803 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S32205 A 240 S32205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S32304 A 240 S32304 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S32550 A 240 S32550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S32750 A 240 S32750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
329 S32900 A 240 type 329 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S32950 A 240 S32950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S32760 A 240 S32760 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . S32520 A 240 S32520 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A 5.30 Consumable Weld Inserts for Gas Tungsten Arc 6.2 Welding:
Welding
6.2.1 The joints shall be full penetration double-welded or
single-welded but joints using fusion welding processes as
3. Terminology
defined under Definitions, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
3.1 Definitions:
Code, Section IX. This specification makes no provision for
3.1.1 The definitions in Specification A 999/A 999M and
any difference in weld quality requirements, regardless of the
Terminology A 941 are applicable to this specification.
weld joint type used (single or double) in making the weld.
Where backing rings or strips are used, the ring or strip
4. Ordering Information
material shall be of the same P-Number (Table QW-422 of
4.1 Orders for material under this specification should
Section IX) as the plate being joined. Backing rings or strips
include the following, as required, to describe the desired
shall be removed completely after welding, prior to any
material adequately:
required radiography, and the exposed weld surface shall be
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
examined visually for conformance to the requirements of
4.1.2 Name of material (electric-fusion-welded pipe),
6.2.3. Welds made by procedures using backing strips or rings
4.1.3 Grade (see Table 1),
that remain in place are prohibited. Welding procedures and
4.1.4 Class (see 1.3),
welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with the
4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness),
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.
4.1.6 Length (specific or random),
6.2.2 Except as provided in 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2, welds shall
4.1.7 End finish (section on ends of Specification A 999/
be made in their entirety by processes involving the deposition
A 999M),
of filler metal.
4.1.8 Authorization for repair of plate defects by welding
6.2.2.1 For Class 4 pipe using multiple passes, the root-pass
and subsequent heat treatment without prior approval, if such is
may be made without the addition of filler metal.
intended (see 13.3),
4.1.9 Specification designation,
6.2.2.2 For Class 4 pipe, the weld surface exposed inside the
4.1.10 Special requirements,
pipe may result from a single pass made from the inside of the
4.1.11 Statement invoking requirements of 13.4, if such is
pipe without the addition of filler metal.
intended,
6.2.2.3 All single-welded pipe shall be radiographed com-
4.1.12 Circumferential weld permissibility (see Section 17),
pletely.
4.1.13 Supplementary Requirements (S1 through S4),
6.2.3 The weld surface on either side of the weld may be
4.1.14 Applicable ASME Code, if known,
flush with the base plate or may have a reasonably uniform
4.1.15 For ASME Code Section III applications, the service
crown, not to exceed ⁄8 in. [3 mm]. Any weld reinforcement
classification intended, and
may be removed at the manufacturer’s option or by agreement
4.1.16 Certification requirements (see section on certifica-
between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The contour of
tion of Specification A 999/A 999M).
the reinforcement should be reasonably smooth and free of
irregularities. The deposited metal shall be fused uniformly
5. General Requirements
into the plate surface. No concavity of contour is permitted
5.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
unless the resulting thickness of weld metal is equal to or
the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-
greater than the minimum thickness of the adjacent base metal.
cation A 999/A 999M unless otherwise provided herein.
6.2.4 Weld defects shall be repaired by removal to sound
6. Materials and Manufacture metal and rewelding. Subsequent heat treatment and examina-
tion (that is, visual, radiographic, and dye penetrant) shall be as
6.1 Materials—The steel plate material shall conform to the
required on the original welds.
requirements of one of the grades of Specification A 240/
A 240M, listed in Table 1. 6.3 Heat Treatment:
A 928/A 928M – 00
6.3.1 Unless otherwise stated in the order, heat treatment 9.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 or 9.1
shall be performed after welding and in accordance with the does not conform to the requirements specified in Section 7, an
requirements of Table 2. analysis of the base metal and weld deposit of each pipe from
6.3.2 If the purchaser desires pipe without heat treatment the same heat or lot may be made, and all pipe conforming to
subsequent to welding, the purchase order shall specify the the requirements shall be accepted.
following condition:
10. Tensile Requirements
6.3.2.1 No final heat treatment of pipe fabricated of plate
10.1 The plate used in making the pipe shall conform to the
that has been heat treated as required by Table 2 for the
particular grade. Each pipe supplied under this requirement requirements as to tensile properties of the applicable specifi-
cations listed in Table 1. Tension tests made by the plate
shall be stenciled with the suffix HT-O.
manufacturer shall qualify the plate material.
7. Chemical Composition
10.2 The transverse tension test taken across the welded
7.1 The chemical composition of the plate shall conform to joint specimen shall have a tensile strength not less than the
specified minimum tensile strength of the plate.
the requirements of the applicable specification and grade
listed in Table 1.
11. Permissible Variations of Dimensions for Thin-Wall
7.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the
Pipe
chemical composition of the welding material shall conform to
11.1 For thin-wall pipe, defined as pipe having a wall
the requirements of the applicable AWS specification for the
thickness of 3 % or less of the specified outside diameter, the
corresponding grade given in Table 1 or shall conform to the
diameter tolerance, as listed in Specification A 999/A 999M,
chemical composition specified for the plate. The purchaser
shall apply only to the mean of the extreme (maximum and
may choose a higher alloy filler metal when needed for
minimum) outside diameter readings in any one cross section.
corrosion resistance or other properties.
11.2 For thin-wall pipe, the difference in extreme outsides
8. Heat Analysis
readings (ovality) in any one section shall not exceed twice the
permissible variations in outside diameter for the specified
8.1 The chemical analysis of the steel shall be determined
diameter as listed in Specification A 999/A 999M.
by the plate manufacturer and shall conform to the require-
ments for the particular grade as prescribed in Specification
12. Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Tests
A 240/A 240M.
12.1 Two bend test specimens shall be taken transversely
9. Product Analysis
from the pipe. Except as provided in 12.2, one shall be subject
to a face guided-bend test and the second to a root guided-bend
9.1 At the request of the purchaser’s inspector, an analysis
test. One specimen shall be bent with the inside surface of the
of one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat, or from base
pipe against the plunger, and the other with the outside surface
metal and weld deposit from two pipes from each lot, shall be
against the plunger.
made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipe shall consist of the
12.2 For specified wall thicknesses over ⁄8 in. [9.5 mm] but
following number of lengths of the same size and wall
less than ⁄4 in. [19 mm], side-bend tests may be made instead
thickness from any one heat of steel:
of the face and root-bend tests. For specified wall thicknesses
NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in Lot
Under 2 400 or fraction thereof
⁄4 in. [19 mm] and over, both specimens shall be subjected to
2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof
the side-bend tests. Side-bend specimens shall be bent so that
6 and over 100 or fraction thereof
one of the side surfaces becomes the convex surface of the
9.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the
bend specimen.
purchaser or the purchaser’s representative and shall conform
12.3 The bend test shall be acceptable if no cracks or other
to the requirements specified in Section 7, subject to the
defects exceeding ⁄8 in. [3 mm] in any direction are present in
product analysis tolerances of Table 1 in Specification A 480/
the weld metal or between the weld and the pipe metal after
A 480M.
bending. Cracks that originate along edges of the specimen
during testing, and that are less than ⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] measured
TABLE 2 Heat Treatment in any direction, shall not be considered.
UNS
Temperature, °F [°C] Quench
13. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
Designation
S31200 1920–2010 [1050–1100] rapid cooling in water 13.1 The finished pipe shall have a workmanlike finish.
S31260 1870–2010 [1020–1100] rapid cooling in water
13.2 Repair of Plate Defects by Machining or Grinding—
S31500 1800–1900 [980–1040] rapid cooling in air or water
Pipe showing slivers may be machined or ground inside or
S31
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