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ASTM D1776-98e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles

Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of textiles for testing in those instances where such conditioning is specified in a test method. Because prior exposure of textiles to high or low humidity may affect the equilibrium moisture pick-up, a procedure is also given for preconditioning the materials when specified.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-1998
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.51 - Conditioning, Chemical and Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1776-04 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5344-22 - Standard Test Method for Extension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM F1551-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D5035-11(2019) - Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4772-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Surface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow)
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4966-22 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D3217/D3217M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Breaking Tenacity of Manufactured Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM F2704-17a - Standard Specification for Air-Fed Protective Ensembles
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D3882-08(2020) - Standard Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and Knitted Fabrics
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D1576-22 - Standard Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Oven-Drying
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D2859-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6321/D6321M-22 - Standard Practice for the Evaluation of Machine Washable T-Shirts
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4886-18 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sandpaper/Sliding Block Method)
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D3108/D3108M-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4964-96(2020) - Standard Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998

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ASTM D1776-98e1 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesASTM D1776-98e1 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
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ASTM D1776-98e1 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: D 1776 – 98
Standard Practice for
1
Conditioning and Testing Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Section 3 was corrected editorially in July 2000.
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 139 Textiles Standard Atmosphere for Conditioning
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning and testing of
6
and Testing
textiles in those instances where such conditioning is specified
in a test method. Because prior exposure of textiles to high or
3. Terminology
low humidity may affect the equilibrium moisture pick-up, a
3.1 Definitions:
procedure also is given for preconditioning the material when
3.1.1 moisture content, n—that part of the total mass of a
specified.
material that is absorbed or adsorbed water, expressed as a
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
percentage of the total mass.
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The total mass is the original mass
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values
comprising the dry substance plus any water present. The word
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
water as used in these definitions refers to the compound
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
chemically defined as H O. The terms water and moisture
2
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
frequently are used interchangeably in the literature and the
with the specification.
trade, but the term moisture is sometimes considered to include
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
other volatile material.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 moisture equilibrium, n—the condition reached by a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
material when it no longer takes up moisture from, or gives up
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
moisture to, the surrounding atmosphere.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Superficial equilibrium with the film of
2. Referenced Documents air in contact with the textile material is reached very rapidly.
Moisture equilibrium can be reached in a reasonable time only
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
if the air to which the sample is exposed is in motion. Moisture
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2 equilibrium with the air in motion is considered to be realized
D 578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
when successive weighings do not show a progressive change
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
3 in mass greater than the tolerance established for various textile
Insulating Materials for Testing
materials.
D 885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
3.1.3 moisture equilibrium, for preconditioning, n—the
Industrial Filament Yarns and Cords Made from Man-
2
moisture condition reached by a sample or specimen after
Made Organic-Base Fibers
2 exposure to moving air in the standard atmosphere for precon-
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
4
ditioning.
D 4920 Terminology Relating to Moisture in Textiles
3.1.4 moisture equilibrium, for testing, n— the condition
E 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity With a Psy-
reached by a sample or specimen during free exposure to
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
5
moving air controlled at specified conditions.
perature)
3.1.4.1 Discussion—For test purposes, moisture equilib-
rium must be reached by adsorption, starting from a relatively
moisture content. Moisture equilibrium for testing is consid-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
ered as having been reached when the rate of increase in mass
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Chemical Conditioning and
of a sample or specimen does not exceed that specified for the
Performance.
Current edition approvedDec. 10, 1998 . Published February 1999. material being tested.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 7.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 8.01.
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 7.02. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, 13th
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 1776
3.1.5 precondition, v—to bring a sample or specimen of a tolerances given in Table 1 and including facili
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of stiffness properties of fabrics. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity is calculated. Two procedures are provided.  
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1.1.2 Option B—Heart Loop Test, employing the principle of a loop formed in a fabric strip and hung vertically.  
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4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. (A) See Note 3.  
4.2 It is recognized that, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements listed in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specifications should specify that: “This product meets ASTM specifications XXXX except for the following characteristic(s).”  
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ASTM D4157-13(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

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5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
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ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off