ASTM D3394-94(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of electrical insulating boards. These boards are porous, usually fibrous sheets used for dielectric and structural purposes in electrical apparatus.
1.2 These test methods are not intended for testing vulcanized fibre or molded laminated sheets.
1.3 These test methods are applicable to board materials having a nominal thickness of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm). Note 1-For materials thinner than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) see Test Methods D202.
1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections: ASTM Method Sections Reference Apparent Density 18 to 23 Aqueous Extract Characteristics 36 to 42 D 202 Ash Content 43 to 46 T 413 Compatibility with Dielectric 47 to 52 D 664, D 877, D 924, Liquids D 971, D 974, D 1169, D 1500, D 1816, D 3455, D 3487 Compressibility 79 to 85 Conditioning 11 D 685 Degree of Polymerization 86 to 89 D 4243 Dielectric Strength in Air 53 to 59 D 149 Dielectric Strength in Oil 60 to 65 D 149, D 2413, D 3426 Dimensions of Sheets 12 to 17 Moisture Content 31 to 35 D 644 Oil Absorption 72 to 78 Reports 10 Sampling 6 to 9 D 3636 Shrinkage 24 to 30 D 644 Tensile Properties 66 to 71 D 202
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be re- garded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use .
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An American National Standard
Designation:D3394–94 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of
at Commercial Power Frequencies
electrical insulating boards. These boards are porous, usually
D 202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated
fibrous sheets used for dielectric and structural purposes in
Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
electrical apparatus.
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
1.2 These test methods are not intended for testing vulca-
lation
nized fibre or molded laminated sheets.
D 586 Test Method for Ash in Paper
1.3 These test methods are applicable to board materials
D 644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
having a nominal thickness of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm).
Paperboard by Oven Drying
NOTE 1—For materials thinner than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) see Test
D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
Methods D 202.
by Potentiometric Titration
1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections:
D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
ASTM Method for Testing
Sections Reference
D 877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Apparent Density 18-23
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
Aqueous Extract Characteristics 36-42 D 202
Ash Content 43-46 T 413
D 924 TestMethodforDissipationFactor(orPowerFactor)
Compatibility with Dielectric 47-52 D 664, D 877, D 924,
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
Liquids D 971, D 974, D 1169,
cal Insulating Liquids
D 1500, D 1816,
D 3455, D 3487
D 971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against
Compressibility 79-85
Water by the Ring Method
Conditioning 11 D 685
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Degree of Polymerization 86-89 D 4243
Dielectric Strength in Air 53-59 D 149
Indicator Titration
Dielectric Strength in Oil 60-65 D 149, D 2413, D 3426
D 1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of
Dimensions of Sheets 12-17
Electrical Insulating Liquids
Moisture Content 31-35 D 644
Oil Absorption 72-78
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
Reports 10
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
Sampling 6-9 D 3636
D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Shrinkage 24-30 D 644
Tensile Properties 66-71 D 202
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Elec-
trodes
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D 2413 Test Methods for Preparation and Electrical Testing
as the standard.
of Insulating Paper and Board Impregnated with a Liquid
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Dielectric
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 2865 Practice for Calibration of Standards and Equip-
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
ment for Electrical Insulating Materials Testing
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
D 3426 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
2. Referenced Documents
Using Impulse Waves
D 3455 Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Subcommittee D 09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1994. Published March 1994. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
1 6
published as D 3394 – 75. Last previous edition D 3394 – 86e . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3394
Materials with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum established by the customer and may or may not be the same
Origin as the unit of purchase, supply, production, or shipment.
D 3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
8. Establishing Acceptable Quality Levels (AQLs)
Electrical Apparatus
D 3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid
8.1 Acceptable quality levels (AQLs) for each major and
Electrical Insulating Materials
minor property (as defined in Practice D 3636) shall be as
D 4243 Method for Measurement of Average Viscometric
mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. In
Degree of Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical
addition, group AQLs may be established for given groups of
Papers and Boards
propertiesandthesetooshallbemutuallyagreeduponbetween
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
the purchaser and the seller.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
9. Selection of Sample and Identification of Lot Sample
2.2 TAPPI Standard:
T 413 Determination of Ash in Paper
9.1 Samples shall be in accordance with Practice D 3636,
with the exception of those paragraphs pertaining specifically
3. Terminology
to rolls, pads, or bobbins.
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
9.2 Mark each unit of the sample so that it may be identified
3.1.1 electrical insulating board—a sheet structure, usually
at any time by the seller and the purchaser.
composed of cellulosic fibers, utilized for dielectric or struc-
REPORTS
tural purposes or both in a variety of electrical apparatus.
Board is herein arbitrarily differentiated from paper in that it is
10. Report
at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) thick and is manufactured only in
sheets of limited length. Other names for these products are 10.1 At the completion of all tests record the results in a test
report that includes the following:
pressboard, transformer board, fuller board, and press pan.
10.1.1 Identification (of the board sampled and tested) by
4. Summary of Test Methods
lot number, type, grade, etc.,
10.1.2 Dates of testing,
4.1 This standard is a compilation of test methods for
10.1.3 Locationofthetestinglaboratoryandthenameofthe
electrical insulating board. Provisions are included for sam-
person responsible for testing,
pling, testing, and judging acceptability of a given quantity of
10.1.4 Remarks indicating the method used and any devia-
board.
tion from the standard,
5. Reagents
10.1.5 Testresultsasspecifiedintheindividualmethod,and
10.1.6 Specification limits for each property measured for
5.1 Reagents shall conform to the requirements set forth in
the board being tested.
Test Methods D 202.
10.2 Report the results as calculated or observed values
SAMPLING rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of
figures used in the material specification to express the limiting
6. Scope
value (see Practice E 29).
6.1 This test method covers the determination of lot accept-
CONDITIONING
ability of electrical insulating board. It is designed for the
purpose of determining acceptability of all or that portion of a
11. Conditioning
shipment to a customer identified by a manufacturer’s lot
11.1 Conditionsamplesandspecimenscutfromthesamples
number. It is not intended to cover internal board mill quality
(with the exception of samples taken for moisture determina-
control plans. The method is intended for use in conjunction
tion or as otherwise specified) in a circulating-air atmosphere
with product specifications for electrical insulating board.
maintained at 50 6 2 % relative humidity and a temperature of
7. Terminology 23 6 2°C, using procedures as specified in Method D 685.
11.2 For referee purposes, the conditioning specified in 11.1
7.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
will give most consistent results. However, for routine testing
7.1.1 The descriptions of terms used in this test method,
under factory or other non-standard atmospheric conditions, if
with the exception of the definition of “unit of product,” are in
theboardhasamoisturecontentwithintherangefrom5to7 %
accordance with Practice D 3636.
as determined in Sections 31-34, there will be only slight
7.1.2 unit of product—an entity of electrical insulating
variations from properties as determined after conditioning
board on which one or more quality characteristics may be
specified above.
determined. A unit of product may be a sheet, pallet, box,
carton, case, package, or bundle. The unit of product is
DIMENSIONS OF SHEETS
12. Apparatus
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
12.1 Scale—A scale of suitable length graduated such that
Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, One
Sunwoody Park, Atlanta, GA 30338. lengths, widths, and diagonals can be directly read to within
D3394
half of the allowable tolerance for these dimensions. The scale 18.2 Procedures are given for determining either the “wet-
shall be properly calibrated in accordance with Practice wet” or the “dry-dry” density.
D 2865.
12.2 Thickness-Measuring Device—Machinist micrometer 19. Significance and Use
with ratchet as specified in Test Methods D 374.
19.1 Apparent density affects the dielectric and physical
characteristics of insulating board and is a factor in the
13. Sampling
economics of its use in apparatus. This test is useful for
13.1 Sample in accordance with Sections 6-9.
specification, design, and quality control purposes.
14. Test Specimens
20. Apparatus
14.1 Specimens for determination of length, width, and
squareness of sheets shall be whole sheets. For thickness 20.1 Scale or Calipers,graduatedinunitsoflength,withthe
determinations, a whole sheet may be used or, if desired, a smallest graduation equal to, or less than, 0.25 % of the
portion of a whole sheet will serve as a specimen. If a portion smallest dimension to be measured, calibrated in accordance
is selected as a specimen for thickness determination, that with Practice D 2865.
portion shall be representative of the full width (cross-grain
20.2 Balance, graduated in units of weight, with the small-
direction) of the sheet. est graduation equal to, or less than, 0.25 % of the specimen
14.2 Determine the dimensions as received, provided the weight, calibrated in accordance with Recommended Practice
moisture content is in the specification range for the material D 2865.
being tested (see 11.2). 20.3 Thickness-Measuring Device, conforming to the re-
quirements of Test Methods D 374, Method A.
15. Procedure
20.4 Oven, conforming to the requirements of Test Method
15.1 Measure the length and the width of each specimen to
D 644.
the nearest appropriate unit. Make at least two measurements
in each direction.
21. Procedure
15.2 Measure each of the two diagonals of each specimen.
21.1 From each unit of product in the sample obtained in
15.3 Measure the thickness in accordance with Test Meth-
accordance with Sections 6 through 9, prepare at least two
ods D 374, Method A. Make at least five thickness determina-
rectangular specimens having an area of at least 75 in. (0.05
tions across the sheet.
m ) each.
NOTE 2—Points of measurement should be selected to include the areas 21.2 Procedure A: Wet-Wet Density—Condition the speci-
most likely to be the extremes.
mens in accordance with Section 11.
21.3 Procedure B: Dry-Dry Density—Dry the specimens to
16. Report
constant weight in an oven at 105 6 3°C, in accordance with
16.1 The report shall conform to Section 10 and shall
Test Method D 644. Cool to room temperature, using a
include the following:
desiccator or other means to prevent reabsorption of moisture.
16.1.1 Sheet size, reported as the average of the measure-
Exposure to the open air while making the measurements
ments in each direction.
specified in 21.4 shall be sufficiently brief that there will not be
16.1.2 Squareness of the sheet, reported as the quotient of
a weight increase of more than 0.1 % of the oven-dry weight of
the shorter diagonal divided by the longer diagonal (for
the specimens.
convenience, squareness is expressed as a percent).
21.4 Measurethewidth,length,andthicknessinaccordance
with Section 15 to determine the weight of each specimen.
NOTE 3—This method of calculating squareness assumes that the sheet
closely approximates a parallelogram in shape. If measurements of width 21.5 From the dimensions and weight of each specimen,
orlengthvaryatdifferentpoints,itispossiblethatahighsquarenessvalue
calculate the apparent density and report the results in units of
may be calculated from measurements on a sheet that differs significantly
grams per cubic centimetre, calculated as follows:
from being rectangular.
weight 3 factor
Apparent density, g/cm 5 (1)
16.1.3 Average thickness, and
volume
16.1.4 Variation in thickness, reported as the difference
Weight Units Volume Units Factor
between the highest and the lowest thickness value obtained in
gcm 1
gin. 0.0610
15.3.
lb in. 27.68
17. Precision and Bias
22. Report
17.1 The precision and bias of this test method are not
known. 22.1 The report shall be in accordance with Section 10, and
include the individual results for the apparent density of each
APPARENT DENSITY
specimen.
18. Scope
23. Precision and Bias
18.1 This test method may be used for determination of
apparent density of insulating board, using measurements of 23.1 The precision and bias of this test method are not
dimensions and weight made after appropriate conditioning. known.
D3394
SHRINKAGE MOISTURE CONTENT
31. Significance and Use
24. Significance and Use
31.1 Moisture content of electrical insulating board is im-
24.1 The dimensions of electrical insulating boards will
portant for economic and technical reasons. Many physical and
change as a function of moisture content, which varies with
dimensional characteristics of board are affected by moisture
changes in the ambient relative humidity or as a result of heat
content and moisture content history. This test is useful for
or vacuum used in drying operations.The suitability of a board
specification and quality control use. (For a more complete
for some particular applications may be affected by the
treatise on the significance of moisture content, see STP 60 B
magnitude and direction o
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