ASTM D3394-94(2005)

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Apparent density affects the dielectric and physical characteristics of insulating board and is a factor in the economics of its use in apparatus. This test is useful for specification, design, and quality control purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of electrical insulating boards. These boards are porous, usually fibrous sheets used for dielectric and structural purposes in electrical apparatus.
1.2 These test methods are not intended for testing vulcanized fibre or molded laminated sheets.
1.3 These test methods are applicable to board materials having a nominal thickness of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm). Note 1 For materials thinner than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) see Test Methods D 202.
1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections:
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2005
• ICS: 29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
• Technical Committee: D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3394-94(2000) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM D3394-94(2009) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D2413-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper and Board Impregnated with a Liquid Dielectric
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D202-23 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D4063-99(2022) - Standard Specification for Pressboard for Electrical Insulating Purposes
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:D3394–94 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
electrical insulating boards. These boards are porous, usually D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
fibrous sheets used for dielectric and structural purposes in Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
electrical apparatus. at Commercial Power Frequencies
1.2 These test methods are not intended for testing vulca- D202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated
nized fibre or molded laminated sheets. Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
1.3 These test methods are applicable to board materials D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
having a nominal thickness of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm). lation
D586 Test Method for Ash in Pulp, Paper, and Paper
NOTE 1—For materials thinner than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) see Test
Products
Methods D202.
D644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections:
Paperboard by Oven Drying
ASTM Method
D664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
Sections Reference
by Potentiometric Titration
Apparent Density 18-23
Aqueous Extract Characteristics 36-42 D202
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
Ash Content 43-46 T 413
for Testing
Compatibility with Dielectric 47-52 D664, D877, D924,
D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Liquids D971, D974, D1169,
D1500, D1816,
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
D3455, D3487
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
Compressibility 79-85
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
Conditioning 11 D685
Degree of Polymerization 86-89 D4243
cal Insulating Liquids
Dielectric Strength in Air 53-59 D149
D971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against
Dielectric Strength in Oil 60-65 D149, D2413, D3426
Water by the Ring Method
Dimensions of Sheets 12-17
Moisture Content 31-35 D644
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Oil Absorption 72-78
Indicator Titration
Reports 10
D1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of
Sampling 6-9 D3636
Shrinkage 24-30 D644
Electrical Insulating Liquids
Tensile Properties 66-71 D202
D1500 TestMethodforASTMColorofPetroleumProducts
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
(ASTM Color Scale)
as the standard. D1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
InsulatingOilsofPetroleumOriginUsingVDEElectrodes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D2413 Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper and
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
Board Impregnated with a Liquid Dielectric
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter- D2865 Practice for Calibration of Standards and Equipment
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for Electrical Insulating Materials Testing
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D3394 – 94 (2000). Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
DOI: 10.1520/D3394-94R05.
on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3394–94 (2005)
D3426 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and 7.1.2 unit of product—an entity of electrical insulating
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials board on which one or more quality characteristics may be
Using Impulse Waves determined. A unit of product may be a sheet, pallet, box,
D3455 Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction carton, case, package, or bundle. The unit of product is
MaterialwithElectricalInsulatingOilofPetroleumOrigin established by the customer and may or may not be the same
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in as the unit of purchase, supply, production, or shipment.
Electrical Apparatus
D3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid 8. Establishing Acceptable Quality Levels (AQLs)
Electrical Insulating Materials
8.1 Acceptable quality levels (AQLs) for each major and
D4243 Test Method for Measurement ofAverageViscomet-
minor property (as defined in Practice D3636) shall be as
ric Degree of Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical
mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. In
Papers and Boards
addition, group AQLs may be established for given groups of
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
propertiesandthesetooshallbemutuallyagreeduponbetween
Determine Conformance with Specifications
the purchaser and the seller.
2.2 TAPPI Standard:
T 413 Determination of Ash in Paper
9. Selection of Sample and Identification of Lot Sample
9.1 Samples shall be in accordance with Practice D3636,
3. Terminology
with the exception of those paragraphs pertaining specifically
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
to rolls, pads, or bobbins.
3.1.1 electrical insulating board—a sheet structure, usually
9.2 Mark each unit of the sample so that it may be identified
composed of cellulosic fibers, utilized for dielectric or struc-
at any time by the seller and the purchaser.
tural purposes or both in a variety of electrical apparatus.
Board is herein arbitrarily differentiated from paper in that it is
REPORTS
at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) thick and is manufactured only in
sheets of limited length. Other names for these products are
10. Report
pressboard, transformer board, fuller board, and press pan.
10.1 At the completion of all tests record the results in a test
report that includes the following:
4. Summary of Test Methods
10.1.1 Identification (of the board sampled and tested) by
4.1 This standard is a compilation of test methods for
lot number, type, grade, etc.,
electrical insulating board. Provisions are included for sam-
10.1.2 Dates of testing,
pling, testing, and judging acceptability of a given quantity of
10.1.3 Locationofthetestinglaboratoryandthenameofthe
board.
person responsible for testing,
10.1.4 Remarks indicating the method used and any devia-
5. Reagents
tion from the standard,
5.1 Reagents shall conform to the requirements set forth in
10.1.5 Testresultsasspecifiedintheindividualmethod,and
Test Methods D202.
10.1.6 Specification limits for each property measured for
the board being tested.
SAMPLING
10.2 Report the results as calculated or observed values
rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of
6. Scope
figures used in the material specification to express the limiting
6.1 This test method covers the determination of lot accept-
value (see Practice E29).
ability of electrical insulating board. It is designed for the
purpose of determining acceptability of all or that portion of a
CONDITIONING
shipment to a customer identified by a manufacturer’s lot
number. It is not intended to cover internal board mill quality
11. Conditioning
control plans. The method is intended for use in conjunction
with product specifications for electrical insulating board. 11.1 Conditionsamplesandspecimenscutfromthesamples
(with the exception of samples taken for moisture determina-
7. Terminology
tion or as otherwise specified) in a circulating-air atmosphere
maintained at 50 6 2 % relative humidity and a temperature of
7.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
23 6 2°C, using procedures as specified in Method D685.
7.1.1 The descriptions of terms used in this test method,
11.2 For referee purposes, the conditioning specified in 11.1
with the exception of the definition of “unit of product,” are in
will give most consistent results. However, for routine testing
accordance with Practice D3636.
under factory or other non-standard atmospheric conditions, if
theboardhasamoisturecontentwithintherangefrom5to7 %
as determined in Sections 31-34, there will be only slight
Available from TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),
variations from properties as determined after conditioning
P.O. Box 105113,Atlanta, GA30348; 15Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA
30092. specified above.
D3394–94 (2005)
DIMENSIONS OF SHEETS APPARENT DENSITY
12. Apparatus
18. Scope
12.1 Scale—A scale of suitable length graduated such that
18.1 This test method may be used for determination of
lengths, widths, and diagonals can be directly read to within
apparent density of insulating board, using measurements of
half of the allowable tolerance for these dimensions. The scale
dimensions and weight made after appropriate conditioning.
shallbeproperlycalibratedinaccordancewithPracticeD2865.
18.2 Procedures are given for determining either the “wet-
12.2 Thickness-Measuring Device—Machinist micrometer
wet” or the “dry-dry” density.
with ratchet as specified in Test Methods D374.
19. Significance and Use
13. Sampling
19.1 Apparent density affects the dielectric and physical
13.1 Sample in accordance with Sections 6-9.
characteristics of insulating board and is a factor in the
economics of its use in apparatus. This test is useful for
14. Test Specimens
specification, design, and quality control purposes.
14.1 Specimens for determination of length, width, and
squareness of sheets shall be whole sheets. For thickness
20. Apparatus
determinations, a whole sheet may be used or, if desired, a
20.1 Scale or Calipers,graduatedinunitsoflength,withthe
portion of a whole sheet will serve as a specimen. If a portion
smallest graduation equal to, or less than, 0.25 % of the
is selected as a specimen for thickness determination, that
smallest dimension to be measured, calibrated in accordance
portion shall be representative of the full width (cross-grain
with Practice D2865.
direction) of the sheet.
20.2 Balance, graduated in units of weight, with the small-
14.2 Determine the dimensions as received, provided the
est graduation equal to, or less than, 0.25 % of the specimen
moisture content is in the specification range for the material
weight, calibrated in accordance with Recommended Practice
being tested (see 11.2).
D2865.
15. Procedure 20.3 Thickness-Measuring Device, conforming to the re-
quirements of Test Methods D374, Method A.
15.1 Measure the length and the width of each specimen to
20.4 Oven, conforming to the requirements of Test Method
the nearest appropriate unit. Make at least two measurements
D644.
in each direction.
15.2 Measure each of the two diagonals of each specimen.
15.3 Measure the thickness in accordance with Test Meth- 21. Procedure
ods D374, Method A. Make at least five thickness determina-
21.1 From each unit of product in the sample obtained in
tions across the sheet.
accordance with Sections 6 through 9, prepare at least two
NOTE 2—Points of measurement should be selected to include the areas rectangular specimens having an area of at least 75 in. (0.05
most likely to be the extremes.
m ) each.
21.2 Procedure A: Wet-Wet Density—Condition the speci-
16. Report
mens in accordance with Section 11.
16.1 The report shall conform to Section 10 and shall
21.3 Procedure B: Dry-Dry Density—Dry the specimens to
include the following:
constant weight in an oven at 105 6 3°C, in accordance with
16.1.1 Sheet size, reported as the average of the measure-
Test Method D644. Cool to room temperature, using a desic-
ments in each direction.
cator or other means to prevent reabsorption of moisture.
16.1.2 Squareness of the sheet, reported as the quotient of
Exposure to the open air while making the measurements
the shorter diagonal divided by the longer diagonal (for
specified in 21.4 shall be sufficiently brief that there will not be
convenience, squareness is expressed as a percent).
a weight increase of more than0.1 %of the oven-dryweight of
NOTE 3—This method of calculating squareness assumes that the sheet
the specimens.
closely approximates a parallelogram in shape. If measurements of width
21.4 Measurethewidth,length,andthicknessinaccordance
orlengthvaryatdifferentpoints,itispossiblethatahighsquarenessvalue
with Section 15 to determine the weight of each specimen.
may be calculated from measurements on a sheet that differs significantly
21.5 From the dimensions and weight of each specimen,
from being rectangular.
calculate the apparent density and report the results in units of
16.1.3 Average thickness, and
grams per cubic centimetre, calculated as follows:
16.1.4 Variation in thickness, reported as the difference
between the highest and the lowest thickness value obtained in weight 3 factor
Apparent density, g/cm 5 (1)
volume
15.3.
Weight Units Volume Units Factor
17. Precision and Bias
gcm 1
17.1 The precision and bias of this test method are not gin. 0.0610
lb in. 27.68
known.
D3394–94 (2005)
22. Report 29. Report
29.1 The report shall be in accordance with Section 10, and
22.1 The report shall be in accordance with Section 10, and
shall include the average shrinkage for each specimen in the
include the individual results for the apparent density of each
grain direction, the cross direction, and the thickness.
specimen.
30. Precision and Bias
23. Precision and Bias
30.1 The precision and bias of this test method are not
23.1 The precision and bias of this test method are not
known.
known.
MOISTURE CONTENT
SHRINKAGE
31. Significance and Use
24. Significance and Use
31.1 Moisture content of electrical insulating board is im-
24.1 The dimensions of electrical insulating boards will
portant for economic and technical reasons. Many physical and
change as a function of moisture content, which varies with
dimensional characteristics of board are affected by moisture
changes in the ambient relative humidi
...