ASTM C279-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
ABSTRACT
This specification covers chemical-resistant masonry units, specifically, solid kiln fired bricks and tiles made from clay, shale, or mixtures thereof, suitable for indoor and outdoor use in masonry construction subjected to chemical environments. The bricks and tiles are considered to be of three types as follows: Type I, for use where low absorption and high acid resistance are not major factors; Type II, for use where lower absorption and higher acid resistance are required; and Type III, for use where minimum absorption and maximum acid resistance are required. The masonry units shall undergo tests and adhere accordingly to the following physical and chemical requirements: water absorption, warpage, surface texture, size and dimension, flexural strength, modulus of rupture, sulfuric acid solubility, and percent weight loss.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The brick and tile covered herein are intended essentially for use in chemical environments where resistance to thermal shock may or may not be a consideration. The brick and tile are normally used with chemical-resistant mortars.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers solid, kiln fired brick and tile made from clay, shale, or mixtures thereof, suitable for indoor and outdoor use in masonry construction subjected to chemical environments (see Terminology C1232).
1.2 The physical and chemical properties of brick and tile differ from supplier to supplier, mainly because their composition is determined by the source of raw materials. Regardless of the differences, brick and tile are considered to be one of three types and one of two classes as follows:
1.2.1 Type I—For use where low absorption and high acid resistance are not major factors.
1.2.2 Type II—For use where lower absorption and higher acid resistance are required.
1.2.3 Type III—For use where minimum absorption and maximum acid resistance are required. Note 1—Types I, II, and III may not differ significantly in thermal shock resistance. The suitability of a given brick, for a particular application should be determined at the time of purchase by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.Note 2—Types I and III were formerly designated Type “H'' and “L'' respectively.
1.2.4 Class S—For use in standard applications.
1.2.5 Class X—For use where a higher degree of precision and lower permissible variation in size than that permitted for Class S is required.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C279 −12
StandardSpecification for
1
Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers solid, kiln fired brick and tile
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption,
made from clay, shale, or mixtures thereof, suitable for indoor
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
and outdoor use in masonry construction subjected to chemical
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
environments (see Terminology C1232).
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
1.2 The physical and chemical properties of brick and tile
Structural Clay Tile
differ from supplier to supplier, mainly because their compo-
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
sition is determined by the source of raw materials. Regardless
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
of the differences, brick and tile are considered to be one of
Sieves
three types and one of two classes as follows:
3. Physical Properties
1.2.1 Type I—For use where low absorption and high acid
resistance are not major factors.
3.1 Strength—The brick and tile when tested in accordance
1.2.2 Type II—For use where lower absorption and higher
with Test Methods C67 shall conform to the requirements for
acid resistance are required.
modulus of rupture (flexural strength) for the type specified, as
1.2.3 Type III—For use where minimum absorption and prescribed in Table 1.
maximum acid resistance are required.
3.2 Water Absorption—The brick and tile when tested in
accordance with Test Methods C20 shall conform to the
NOTE 1—Types I, II, and III may not differ significantly in thermal
shock resistance. The suitability of a given brick, for a particular requirements for water absorption (based on the 2 h boil) for
application should be determined at the time of purchase by agreement
the type specified, as prescribed in Table 1.
between the purchaser and the supplier.
3.3 Sizes—The sizes of the brick and tile shall be as
NOTE 2—Types I and III were formerly designated Type “H’’ and “L’’
specified by the purchaser. The length, width, and depth
respectively.
measurements of the brick or tile shall be within 63 % of the
1.2.4 Class S—For use in standard applications.
specified dimensions for Class S units and within 61.5 % of
1.2.5 Class X—For use where a higher degree of precision
the specified dimensions for Class X units when tested in
and lower permissible variation in size than that permitted for
accordance with Test Methods C67.
Class S is required.
3.4 Warpage—The brick and tile when tested in accordance
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
with Test Methods C67 shall conform to the requirements as
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
shown in Table 2.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.5 Surface Textures—Brick or tile surfaces should be tex-
and are not considered standard.
tured in order to promote better bonding. Texturing may be
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
accomplished by scoring, wire cutting, matting, or other means
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
consistent with a manufacturer’s process. If texturing is done,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 1
the protrusion or indentation shall not exceed ⁄8 in. (3 mm) in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
depth.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The brick and tile covered herein are intended essen-
tially for use in chemical environments where resistance to
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C279 – 10. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0279-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C279 − 10 C279 − 12
Standard Specification for
1
Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers solid, kiln fired brick and tile made from clay, shale, or mixtures thereof, suitable for indoor and
outdoor use in masonry construction subjected to chemical environments (see Terminology C1232).
1.2 The physical and chemical properties of brick and tile differ from supplier to supplier, mainly because their composition is
determined by the source of raw materials. Regardless of the differences, brick and tile are considered to be one of three types and
one of two classes as follows:
1.2.1 Type I—For use where low absorption and high acid resistance are not major factors.
1.2.2 Type II—For use where lower absorption and higher acid resistance are required.
1.2.3 Type III—For use where minimum absorption and maximum acid resistance are required.
NOTE 1—Types I, II, and III may not differ significantly in thermal shock resistance. The suitability of a given brick, for a particular application should
be determined at the time of purchase by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
NOTE 2—Types I and III were formerly designated Type “H’’ and “L’’ respectively.
1.2.4 Class S—For use in standard applications.
1.2.5 Class X—For use where a higher degree of precision and lower permissible variation in size than that permitted for Class
S is required.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory
Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C397 Practice for Use of Chemically Setting Chemical-Resistant Silicate and Silica Mortars
C723 Practice for Chemical-Resistant Resin Grouts for Brick or Tile
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Physical Properties
3.1 Strength—The brick and tile when tested in accordance with Test Methods C67 shall conform to the requirements for
modulus of rupture (flexural strength) for the type specified, as prescribed in Table 1.
3.2 Water Absorption—The brick and tile when tested in accordance with Test Methods C20 shall conform to the requirements
for water absorption (based on the 2 h boil) for the type specified, as prescribed in Table 1.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2012. Published June 2010 December 2012. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 20072010 as
C279 – 88C279 – 10. (2007). DOI: 10.1520/C0279-10.10.1520/C0279-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C279 − 12
TABLE 1 Physical and Chemical Requirements for Brick and Tile
Modulus of Rupture Water Absorption H SO Solubility
2 4
(Brick or Tile Flat- Maximum % by Maximum %
wise) min. psi (MPa) 2 h Boiling Test Weight Loss
Designation
Average of 5 Average of 5
Average of 5
Brick or Tile Brick or Tile
Brick or Tile
Low Individual High Individual
Type I 1250 (8.6) 1000 (6.9) 6.0 7.0 20
Type II 1250 (8.6) 1000
...
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