ASTM A1040-17(2022)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels
Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.02, A01.03, A01.06, A01.09, A01.11, A01.15, A01.19, A01.22, and A01.28 will use the standard composition limits listed in this guide for the grades identified in their product specifications unless there is a specific technical justification for doing otherwise.
4.2 The composition limits given in this guide are to be used as guides in determining limits for each of the elements included in the total composition of each grade. The composition limits have been established with the intent that each ASTM subcommittee will find it necessary to require only a minimum number of changes to reflect specific technical effects. Section 5 lists the general guidelines followed for determining the limits for each element; the limits established in this guide are based upon these guidelines.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers ASTM Subcommittees A01.02, A01.03, A01.06, A01.09, A01.11, A01.15, A01.19, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying chemical composition limits of wrought carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steels. It is intended that these recommended grade composition limits be suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that prepare standards for carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steel products, including discontinued steels.
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for determining the number of significant figures for specifying chemical composition.
1.3 The carbon and alloy steel grades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTM subcommittees have been included, except those grades applicable to restricted special end uses.
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications that a specific ASTM subcommittee may find necessary to accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability by the producer or user, or both.
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except where established by ASTM subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of all limits, especially where such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technical effect.
1.6 This guide does not address discontinued or formerly standard steel grades. A listing of such steel grades can be found in SAE J1249. Also excluded from this guide are cast materials and welding filler metals.
1.7 In 1995, the AISI made the decision to transfer the responsibility of maintaining its numbering system to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for carbon and alloy steels (SAE J403 and SAE J404) and to ASTM International for stainless steels (Guide A959 and others). To inform users of this important event, historical information is included in the appendix of this standard.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A1040 − 17 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for
Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1040; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* this important event, historical information is included in the
appendix of this standard.
1.1 This guide covers ASTM Subcommittees A01.02,
A01.03,A01.06,A01.09,A01.11,A01.15,A01.19,A01.22,and 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
A01.28 for specifying chemical composition limits of wrought
carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steels. It is intended that these conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
recommended grade composition limits be suitable for adop-
tion by other standardization bodies that prepare standards for
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steel products, including discon-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tinued steels.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
determining the number of significant figures for specifying
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
chemical composition.
1.3 The carbon and alloy steel grades in all standards
2. Referenced Documents
overseen by the aforementioned ASTM subcommittees have
2.1 ASTM Standards:
been included, except those grades applicable to restricted
A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
special end uses.
Shapes
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications that
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
a specific ASTM subcommittee may find necessary to accom-
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
modate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability
A959 Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade
by the producer or user, or both.
Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except where established
2.2 SAE Standards:
by ASTM subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of all
SAE J403 Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels
limits,especiallywheresuchwouldconflictwithlong-standing
SAE J404 Chemical Compositions of SAE Alloy Steels
practices and is not justified by special technical effect.
SAE J1013 Measurement of Whole Body Vibration of the
1.6 This guide does not address discontinued or formerly
Seated Operator of Off-Highway Work Machines
standard steel grades. A listing of such steel grades can be SAE J1249 Former SAE Standard and Former SAE EX-
found in SAE J1249. Also excluded from this guide are cast
Steels
materials and welding filler metals.
3. Terminology
1.7 In 1995, the AISI made the decision to transfer the
responsibility of maintaining its numbering system to the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for carbon and alloy
3.1.1 long product, n—generic term describing wrought
steels (SAE J403 and SAE J404) and to ASTM International bars, rod, wire, rail, tubing (welded and seamless), plate, and
forstainlesssteels(GuideA959andothers).Toinformusersof
pipe.
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
A01.15 on Bars. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A1040-17. DOI: Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
10.1520/A1040-17R22. PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1040 − 17 (2022)
TABLE 1 Expression of Chemical Composition Limits
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Product forms such as “C” shapes,
“HP” shapes, “L” shapes, “M” shapes, “MC” shapes, “S” Chemical Element Chemical Composition Limit
shapes, “W” shapes, and sheet piling are considered long C, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si Two decimal places (0.xx %) or (1.xx %)
A
Al, Ca, N, Nb (Cb), P, S, Sn, Ti, V Three decimal places (0.xxx %)
products. Such product forms are produced to mechanical
B Four decimal places (0.xxxx %)
properties and are not normally produced to the chemical
A
Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are alternate names for element 41 in the
compositions listed in this guide.
Periodic Table of the Elements.
3.1.2 flat product, n—generic term describing wrought sheet
and strip.
3.2 Refer to Terminology A941 for additional definitions of
terms used in this guide.
6. Harmonized Standard Grade Wrought Carbon, Low-
4. Significance and Use
Alloy, and Alloy Steel Compositions
4.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.02,
6.1 The harmonized composition limits are given in Tables
A01.03,A01.06,A01.09,A01.11,A01.15,A01.19,A01.22,and
2-17, grouped by metallurgical classification. Within all tables,
A01.28 will use the standard composition limits listed in this
grades are listed in numerical order.
guide for the grades identified in their product specifications
unless there is a specific technical justification for doing
6.2 Unless adopted by the appropriate product subcommit-
otherwise.
tee in an ASTM standard, the compositions described in this
4.2 Thecompositionlimitsgiveninthisguidearetobeused
guide shall not be used for specifying an ASTM product.
as guides in determining limits for each of the elements
6.3 Criteria for the addition of grades to the grade lists in
included in the total composition of each grade. The compo-
this guide are as follows: (1) New grades will be considered
sition limits have been established with the intent that each
based upon the grade meeting a standard grade designation and
ASTM subcommittee will find it necessary to require only a
chemistry; (2) New grades shall have an annual production or
minimum number of changes to reflect specific technical
consumption of 250 tons (225 Mg); (3) New grades shall have
effects. Section 5 lists the general guidelines followed for
the sponsorship of at least two individual users or producers.
determining the limits for each element; the limits established
in this guide are based upon these guidelines.
7. Keywords
5. General Guidelines Used for Determining Composition
7.1 alloy steels; carbon steels; harmonized carbon, low-
Limits
alloy, and alloy steel compositions; low-alloy steels
5.1 Table 1 gives typical chemical composition limits for
respective elements.
A1040 − 17 (2022)
TABLE 2 Chemical Composition for Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels
A, B, C
Composition, %
Grade P max S max P max S max
CMn
Long Product Flat Product
1001 0.01 max 0.35 max . . 0.030 0.035
1002 0.02 max 0.35 max . . 0.030 0.035
1003 0.04 max 0.35 max . . 0.030 0.035
1004 0.02/0.06 0.35 max . . 0.030 0.035
1005 0.06 max 0.35 max 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
B
1006 0.02/0.08 0.45 max . . 0.030 0.035
D
1006 0.08 max 0.25-0.45 0.040 0.050 . .
E
1006 0.08 max 0.45 max . . 0.030 0.035
1007 0.02/0.10 0.50 max . . 0.030 0.035
D
1008 0.10 max 0.30-0.50 0.040 0.050 . .
E
1008 0.10 max 0.50 max . . 0.030 0.035
1009 0.15 max 0.60 max . . 0.030 0.035
1010 0.08-0.13 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1011 0.08-0.13 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 . .
1012 0.10-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
D, F
1013 0.11-0.16 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050 . .
E
1013 0.11-0.16 0.30-0.60 . . 0.030 0.035
1015 0.13-0.18 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1016 0.13-0.18 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1017 0.15-0.20 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1018 0.15-0.20 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1019 0.15-0.20 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1020 0.18-0.23 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1021 0.18-0.23 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1022 0.18-0.23 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1023 0.20-0.25 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1024 0.18-0.25 1.30-1.65 0.035 0.035 . .
1025 0.22-0.28 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1026 0.22-0.28 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1027 0.22-0.29 1.20-1.55 0.035 0.035 . .
1029 0.25-0.31 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 . .
1030 0.28-0.34 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1033 0.30-0.36 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1034 0.32-0.38 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050 . .
1035 0.32-0.38 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1037 0.32-0.38 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1038 0.35-0.42 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1039 0.37-0.44 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1040 0.37-0.44 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1042 0.40-0.47 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1043 0.40-0.47 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1044 0.43-0.50 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 . .
1045 0.43-0.50 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1046 0.43-0.50 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1049 0.46-0.53 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1050 0.48-0.55 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1053 0.48-0.55 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 . .
1055 0.50-0.60 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1059 0.55-0.65 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050 . .
1060 0.55-0.65 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1064 0.60-0.70 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1065 0.60-0.70 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1069 0.65-0.75 0.40-0.70 0.040 0.050 . .
1070 0.65-0.75 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
G
1070m 0.65-0.75 0.80-1.10 0.025 0.025 . .
1071 0.65-0.70 0.75-1.05 0.040 0.050 . .
1074 0.70-0.80 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1075 0.70-0.80 0.40-0.70 0.040 0.050 . .
1078 0.72-0.85 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1080 0.75-0.88 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1084 0.80-0.93 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1085 0.80-0.93 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1086 0.80-0.93 0.30-0.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
A1040 − 17 (2022)
TABLE 2 Continued
A, B, C
Composition, %
Grade P max S max P max S max
CMn
Long Product Flat Product
1090 0.85-0.98 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1095 0.90-1.03 0.30-0.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
A
Where silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 % maximum, 0.10 % to 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.15 % to 0.40 %, 0.20 % to
0.40 %, or 0.30 % to 0.60 %.
B
If required, copper can be specified as 0.20 % minimum.
C
Where boron treatment for killed steel is specified for enhanced hardenability, titanium is generally added to shield the boron from oxidation. Boron levels between
0.0005 % and 0.0030 % can be expected for this practice. If the usual titanium addition is not permitted, the steel may contain up to 0.0050 % boron for enhanced
hardenability.
D
Long product.
E
Flat product.
F
SAE J1013 has chemical limits for manganese of 0.30 % to 0.60 %.
G
1070m has chemical limits for silicon, 0.15 % to 0.35 %; chromium, 0.20 % maximum; nickel, 0.25 % maximum; and molybdenum, 0.10 % maximum.
TABLE 3 Chemical Composition for Resulfurized Steels
A, B
Composition, %
Grade
C Mn P max S max
1108 0.08-0.13 0.60-0.80 0.040 0.08-0.13
1109 0.08-0.13 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.08-0.13
1110 0.08-0.13 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.08-0.13
1115 0.13-0.20 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.08-0.13
1116 0.14-0.20 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.16-0.23
1117 0.14-0.20 1.00-1.30 0.040 0.08-0.13
1118 0.14-0.20 1.30-1.60 0.040 0.08-0.13
1119 0.14-0.20 1.00-1.30 0.040 0.24-0.33
1132 0.27-0.32 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13
1137 0.32-0.39 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13
1139 0.35-0.43 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.13-0.20
1140 0.37-0.44 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.08-0.13
1141 0.37-0.45 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13
1144 0.40-0.48 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.24-0.33
1145 0.42-0.49 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.04-0.07
1146 0.42-0.49 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.08-0.13
1151 0.48-0.55 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.08-0.13
A
It is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.
B
Where silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 % maximum, 0.10 % to 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.20 % to 0.40 %, or 0.30%
to 0.60 %.
TABLE 4 Chemical Composition for Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon Steels
A, B
Composition, %
Grade
CMn P S
1211 0.13 max 0.60-0.90 0.07-0.12 0.10-0.15
1212 0.13 max 0.70-1.00 0.07-0.12 0.16-0.23
1213 0.13 max 0.70-1.00 0.07-0.12 0.24-0.33
1215 0.09 max 0.75-1.05 0.04-0.09 0.26-0.35
A
It is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.
B
Where silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 % maximum, 0.10 % to 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.20 % to 0.40 %, or 0.30%
to 0.60 %.
A1040 − 17 (2022)
TABLE 5 Chemical Composition for High-Manganese Carbon Steels
A, B, C
Composition, %
Grade P max S max P max S max
CMn
Long Product Flat Product
1513 0.10-0.16 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050 . .
1518 0.15-0.21 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050 . .
1522 0.18-0.24 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050 . .
1524 0.19-0.25 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1525 0.23-0.29 0.80-1.10 0.040 0.050 . .
1526 0.22-0.29 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050 . .
1527 0.22-0.29 1.20-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1536 0.30-0.37 1.20-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1541 0.36-0.44 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1547 0.43-0.51 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.050 . .
1548 0.44-0.52 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1551 0.45-0.56 0.85-1.15 0.040 0.050 . .
1552 0.47-0.55 1.20-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1561 0.55-0.65 0.75-1.05 0.040 0.050 . .
1566 0.60-0.71 0.85-1.15 0.040 0.050 . .
1572 0.65-0.76 1.00-1.30 0.040 0.050 . .
A
Where silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 % maximum, 0.10 % to 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.20 % to 0.40 %, or 0.30%
to 0.60 %.
B
If required, copper can be specified as 0.20 % minimum.
C
If lead is required as an added element to a standard steel, a range of 0.15 % to 0.35 % inclusive is specified. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter
...
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