ASTM A959-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.06, A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 will use the standard composition limits listed in this guide for the grades identified by the corresponding UNS designation in the product specification unless there is a specific technical justification for doing otherwise. The compositions in this guide shall not be considered as chemical requirements for any particular product until adopted by the subcommittee overseeing that product.
4.2 Assuming that uniform compositions among the many product standards for stainless steel are desirable, the composition limits provided in this standard are to be used as guides in determining limits for each of the elements included in the total composition of each grade. The composition limits have been established with the intent that each product subcommittee will find it necessary to require only a minimum number of changes to reflect specific technical effects. Section 5 lists the general guidelines followed for determining the limits for each element; the limits established in this guide are based on these guidelines.
4.3 Not included in this standard stainless steel grade harmonization effort is an attempt to unify stainless steel compositions in ASTM product standards by any means other than recognizing current industry practices.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a guide to ASTM Subcommittees A01.06, A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying chemical composition limits of wrought stainless steels. It is intended that these recommended grade composition limits be suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that prepare standards for stainless steel products.
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for determining the number of significant figures for specifying chemical composition from Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
1.3 All stainless steel UNS numbers and the stainless steel grades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTM subcommittees have been included, except those grades applicable to restricted special end uses and alloys containing less than 10.5 % minimum chromium.
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications which a specific product subcommittee may find necessary to accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability by the producer or user, or both.
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except when established by ASTM product subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of all limits, especially when such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technical effect.
1.6 Excluded from this guide are cast material and welding filler metal.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A959 − 19
Standard Guide for
Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for
1
Wrought Stainless Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide provides a guide to ASTM Subcommittees
A01.06, A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
cal Analysis of Steel Products
chemical composition limits of wrought stainless steels. It is
intended that these recommended grade composition limits be E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that
3
prepare standards for stainless steel products. 2.2 SAE Standards:
J 1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for
Alloys
determining the number of significant figures for specifying
HS-1086 Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering Sys-
chemical composition from Test Methods, Practices, and Ter-
tem
minology A751.
1.3 All stainless steel UNS numbers and the stainless steel 3. Terminology
grades in all standards overseen by the aforementionedASTM
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
subcommittees have been included, except those grades appli-
3.1.1 austenitic grade, n—metallurgical term meaning that
cable to restricted special end uses and alloys containing less
the material is usually predominantly face-centered cubic in
than 10.5 % minimum chromium.
structure and hardenable only by cold working.
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications
3.1.2 austenitic-ferritic (duplex) grade, n—metallurgical
which a specific product subcommittee may find necessary to
term meaning that the material is a mixture of austenitic and
accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance
ferritic structures, with at least one-fourth of the lesser phase,
fabricability by the producer or user, or both.
and hardenable only by cold working.
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except when established 3.1.3 ferritic grade, n—metallurgical term meaning that the
byASTMproductsubcommittees)isacompleterationalization
material is body-centered cubic in structure (with little, if any,
of all limits, especially when such would conflict with long- tempered martensite) and hardenable only slightly by cold
standing practices and is not justified by special technical
working (responding little or only slightly to conventional heat
effect. treatment by quenching and tempering).
3.1.4 martensitic grade, n—metallurgical term meaning that
1.6 Excluded from this guide are cast material and welding
the material is capable of being produced in a distorted
filler metal.
body-centered cubic structure by conventional heat treating
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
and quenching, and that the quenched structure is capable of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
conventionaltempering.Martensiticgradesaredeliveredinthe
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
annealed (ferritic) condition or the hardened and tempered
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(martensitic) condition.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.5 precipitation hardening grade, n—metallurgical term
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
meaning that the material may be basically austenitic or
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
A01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A959 – 16. DOI: Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
10.1520/A0959-19. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A959 − 16 A959 − 19
Standard Guide for
Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for
1
Wrought Stainless Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide provides a guide to ASTM Subcommittees A01.06, A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying chemical
composition limits of wrought stainless steels. It is intended that these recommended grade composition limits be suitable for
adoption by other standardization bodies that prepare standards for stainless steel products.
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for determining the number of significant figures for specifying chemical
composition from Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
1.3 All stainless steel UNS numbers and the stainless steel grades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTM
subcommittees have been included, except those grades applicable to restricted special end uses and alloys containing less than
10.5 % minimum chromium.
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications which a specific product subcommittee may find necessary to
accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability by the producer or user, or both.
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except when established by ASTM product subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of
all limits, especially when such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technical effect.
1.6 Excluded from this guide are cast material and welding filler metal.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
3
2.2 SAE Standards:
J 1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys
HS-1086 Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 austenitic grade, n—metallurgical term meaning that the material is usually predominantly face-centered cubic in structure
and hardenable only by cold working.
3.1.2 austenitic-ferritic (duplex) grade, n—metallurgical term meaning that the material is a mixture of austenitic and ferritic
structures, with at least one-fourth of the lesser phase, and hardenable only by cold working.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.17 on
Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016Nov. 15, 2019. Published October 2016November 2019. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20112016
as A959 – 11.A959 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0959-16.10.1520/A0959-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A959 − 19
3.1.3 ferritic grade, n—metallurgical term meaning that the material is body-centered cubic in structure (with little, if any,
tempered martensite) and hardenable only slightly by cold working (responding little or only slightly to conventional heat
treatment by quenching and tempering).
3.1.4 martensitic grade, n—metallurgical term meaning that the material is capable of being produced in a distorted
body-centered cubic structure by conventional heat treating and quenching, and that the quenched structure is capable of
conventio
...
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