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ASTM C770-98(2013)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress—Optical Coefficient

Standard Test Method for<brk type="line"/> Measurement of Glass Stress&mdash;Optical Coefficient

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Stress-optical coefficients are used in the determination of stress in glass. They are particularly useful in determining the magnitude of thermal residual stresses for annealing or pre-stressing (tempering) glass. As such, they can be important in specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the stress-optical coefficient of glass, which is used in photoelastic analyses. In Procedure A the optical retardation is determined for a glass fiber subjected to uniaxial tension. In Procedure B the optical retardation is determined for a beam of glass of rectangular cross section when subjected to four-point bending. In Procedure C, the optical retardation is measured for a beam of glass of rectangular cross-section when subjected to uniaxial compression.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2013
ICS
81.040.10 - Raw materials and raw glass
Technical Committee
C14 - Glass and Glass Products
Drafting Committee
C14.04 - Physical and Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C770-98(2008) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress&#8212;Optical Coefficient
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Replaced By
ASTM C770-16 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress&mdash;Optical Coefficient
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Referred By
ASTM F218-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in Glass
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1279-13(2019) - Standard Test Method for Non-Destructive Photoelastic Measurement of Edge and Surface Stresses in Annealed, Heat-Strengthened, and Fully Tempered Flat Glass
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1426-14(2020) - Standard Practices for Verification and Calibration of Polarimeters
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1422/C1422M-20a - Standard Specification for Chemically Strengthened Flat Glass
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013

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ASTM C770-98(2013) - Standard Test Method for<brk type="line"/> Measurement of Glass Stress&mdash;Optical CoefficientASTM C770-98(2013) - Standard Test Method for<brk type="line"/> Measurement of Glass Stress&mdash;Optical Coefficient
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ASTM C770-98(2013) - Standard Test Method for<brk type="line"/> Measurement of Glass Stress&mdash;Optical Coefficient
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C770 − 98(Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Glass Stress—Optical Coefficient
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C770; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the 4.1 Stressing Equipment and Polarimeter:
stress-optical coefficient of glass, which is used in photoelastic 4.1.1 Procedure A—Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a polarimeter
4
analyses. In Procedure A the optical retardation is determined employing a quarter-wave plate and rotatable analyzer, de-
for a glass fiber subjected to uniaxial tension. In Procedure B scribed in Test Method E218. The quarter-wave plate shall be
the optical retardation is determined for a beam of glass of designed for the wavelength of the light being used. The
rectangularcrosssectionwhensubjectedtofour-pointbending. polarizing axes of the polarizer and analyzer shall be set at
In Procedure C, the optical retardation is measured for a beam right angles to each other with each being located at an angle
ofglassofrectangularcross-sectionwhensubjectedtouniaxial of 45° with the horizontal and vertical.The analyzer, however,
compression. shallbemountedinarotatablemounthavingascalegraduated
on either side from 0 to 180°. The quarter-wave plate shall be
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fixed to give maximum extinction when the polarizer and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
analyzer are crossed at right angles; that is, when its polarizing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
axes are set at 45° and 135° to the horizontal and vertical. In
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
place of the immersion cell E, a means of supporting and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
loading a glass specimen shall be provided, either in air (Fig.
3(a)) or in an immersion liquid (Fig. 3(b)). In this arrangement
2. Referenced Documents
the optical elements of the polarimeter between light source
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
andtelescopehavebeenreversedandalargescalegraduatedin
C336Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of
2-nm divisions is employed with the rotatable analyzer I.
Glass by Fiber Elongation
4.1.1.1 Fig. 3 illustrates the fiber-stressing and optical ar-
C598Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of
rangement used in Procedure A. Figure 3(a) shows the fiber
Glass by Beam Bending
mounted vertically, positioned, and supported by two brass
E218Tentative Standard Method for Radiochemical Deter-
collarswithswivelhandlessothatthekilogramweightmaybe
mination of Cesium-137 in Aqueous Solutions (Chlorop-
appliedtoloadthefiber.Alightshieldhavingentranceandexit
3
latinate Method) (Withdrawn 1968)
slitssurroundsthefiberprovidingadegreeofcollimationtothe
light passing through the fiber and also helping to eliminate
3. Significance and Use
stray light.
3.1 Stress-optical coefficients are used in the determination
4.1.1.2 In Fig. 3(b) the fiber is stressed while immersed in a
of stress in glass. They are particularly useful in determining
liquid which matches the refractive index of the fiber. This
the magnitude of thermal residual stresses for annealing or
arrangement provides more satisfactory viewing of the fiber.
pre-stressing (tempering) glass.As such, they can be important
4.1.2 Procedure B:
in specification acceptance.
4.1.2.1 The apparatus for the beam-bending procedure is
shown in Fig. 4(a). Radiation from a white-light source passes
through the following components and in this sequence: a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
diffusingplate,anadjustableaperture,apolarizerwhoseaxisis
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on
Physical and Mechanical Properties.
at 45° to the vertical, the glass specimen, a Babinet
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
compensator,apolarizerwhoseaxisisat90°tothatofthefirst
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C770–98(2008).
polarizer, and a telescope of modest power.
DOI: 10.1520/C0770-98R13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4.1.2.2 The loading scheme is shown in Fig. 4(b). Metal
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
fixtures shall be provided to subject the specimen to four-point
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
4
The last approved version of this
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Knoop indentation hardness of glass and the verification of Knoop indentation hardness testing machines using standard glasses.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the annealing point and the strain point of a glass by measuring the viscous elongation rate of a fiber of the glass under prescribed condition.  
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Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress—Optical Coefficient

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3.1 Stress-optical coefficients are used in the determination of stress in glass. They are particularly useful in determining the magnitude of thermal residual stresses for annealing or pre-stressing (tempering) glass. As such, they can be important in specification acceptance.
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