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ASTM D4366-16(2021)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests

Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pendulum damping test has been found to have good sensitivity in detecting differences in coating hardness, where hardness is defined as resistance to deformation.  
5.2 The two procedures given in these test methods embody the principle that the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulum touching a surface decreases more rapidly the softer the surface. However, these test methods differ in respect to pendulum dimensions, and period and amplitude of oscillation.  
5.3 In general, the damping time of the König pendulum is approximately half that of the Persoz pendulum.  
5.4 The Persoz pendulum has a greater degree of discrimination than the König for measuring the hardness of soft coatings, but it may not be as suitable for testing hard, slippery films because of its tendency to skid on surfaces with a low coefficient of friction.  
5.5 The interaction between the pendulum and the paint film is complex, depending on both elastic and viscoelastic properties, and it may not be possible to establish a precise relationship between the two types of pendulum tests.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the use of pendulum damping testers in the determination of hardness of organic coatings that have been applied to acceptably plane rigid surfaces, such as a metal or glass panel.  
1.2 Two test methods based on different pendulum types are covered as follows:  
1.2.1 Test Method A—König Pendulum Hardness Test.  
1.2.2 Test Method B—Persoz Pendulum Hardness Test.  
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 1522.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2021
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1005-95(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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ASTM D4366-16(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping TestsASTM D4366-16(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests
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ASTM D4366-16(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4366 − 16 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3891 Practice for Preparation of Glass Panels for Testing
Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
1.1 These test methods cover the use of pendulum damping
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
testersinthedeterminationofhardnessoforganiccoatingsthat
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
have been applied to acceptably plane rigid surfaces, such as a
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
metal or glass panel.
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
1.2 Two test methods based on different pendulum types are
3
2.2 Other Standard:
covered as follows:
ISO 1522 Paints and Varnishes Pendulum Damping Test
1.2.1 Test Method A—König Pendulum Hardness Test.
1.2.2 Test Method B—Persoz Pendulum Hardness Test.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
equivalent) to ISO 1522.
3.1.1 König hardness, n—time in seconds for the swing
amplitude of the König pendulum to decrease from 6 to 3°.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 Persoz hardness, n—time in seconds for the swing
standard.
amplitude of the Persoz pendulum to decrease from 12 to 4°.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.1 A pendulum resting on a coating surface is set into
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- oscillation (rocking) and the time for the oscillation amplitude
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. todecreasebyaspecifiedamountmeasured.Thedampingtime
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- is influenced by a combination of physical properties, amongst
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- hardness, elasticity, coefficient of friction and shore of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the sample under test. The damping time decreases with the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
decrease of hardness or an increase of elasticity or coefficient
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical of friction.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The pendulum damping test has been found to have
2
good sensitivity in detecting differences in coating hardness,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
where hardness is defined as resistance to deformation.
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
5.2 The two procedures given in these test methods embody
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
the principle that the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulum
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
touching a surface decreases more rapidly the softer the
surface. However, these test methods differ in respect to
pendulum dimensions, and period and amplitude of oscillation.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
5.3 In general, the damping time of the König pendulum is
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
approximately half that of the Persoz pendulum.
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
5.4 The Persoz pendulum has a greater degree of discrimi-
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4366 – 16. DOI:
nation than the König for measuring the hardness of soft
10.1520/D4366-16R21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...

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