ASTM D5965-02(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders
Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test Method A is a less expensive method of determining specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics, that produced less precise results than Test Method B.
Test Method B provides better precision at higher cost and includes metallics, although different models produced different grand averages for each of the three samples tested.
Test Method C is commonly used by the powder coating industry to estimate the coverage of a powder coating at a given thickness,using the theoretical specific gravity calculated from those of the raw materials.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determining the specific gravity (see definition) of coating powders, as follows:
TEST METHOD A—For Testing Coating Powders, Excluding Metallics TEST METHOD B—For Tests Requiring Greater Precision than Test Method A,
Including Metallics, Using Helium Pycnometry TEST METHOD C—For Theoretical Calculation Based on Raw Material Specific
Gravities
1.2 Test Method A can be used as a less expensive method with reduced accuracy for determining the specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics.
1.3 The ideal gas law forms the basis for all calculations used in the Test Method B determination of density of coating powders.
1.4 Test Method B includes procedures that provided acceptable results for samples analyzed during round robin testing.
1.5 Test Method B uses SI units as standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports surface area using alternate units. Many instruments report density as g/cm3, instead of using SI units (kg/m3).
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5965 −02(Reapproved2007)
StandardTest Methods for
Specific Gravity of Coating Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5965; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determin-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing the specific gravity (see definition) of coating powders, as D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
follows:
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
D5382 Guide to Evaluation of Optical Properties of Powder
TEST METHOD A—For Testing Coating Powders, Excluding Metallics
TEST METHOD B—For Tests Requiring Greater Precision than Test Method A,
Coatings
Including Metallics, Using Helium Pycnometry
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
TEST METHOD C—For Theoretical Calculation Based on Raw Material Specific
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Gravities
1.2 Test Method A can be used as a less expensive method
3. Terminology
with reduced accuracy for determining the specific gravity of
coating powders, excluding metallics. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions 3.1.1 and 3.1.3 are from Guide D5382.
1.3 The ideal gas law forms the basis for all calculations
3.1.2 coating powder, n—finely divided particles of resin,
used in the Test Method B determination of density of coating
either thermoplastic or thermosetting, generally incorporating
powders.
pigments, fillers, and additives and remaining finely divided
1.4 Test Method B includes procedures that provided ac-
during storage under suitable conditions, which, after fusing
ceptable results for samples analyzed during round robin
and possibly curing, give a continuous film.
testing.
3.1.3 meniscus, n—curved upper surface of a liquid column
1.5 Test Method B uses SI units as standard. State all
that is concave when the containing walls are wetted by the
numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instru-
liquid.
mentation software reports surface area using alternate units.
3 3.1.4 powder coating, n—coatings which are protective or
Many instruments report density as g/cm , instead of using SI
decorative, or both, formed by the application of a coating
units (kg/m ).
powder to a substrate and fused into continuous films by the
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
application of heat or radiant energy.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.5 pycnometer, n—instrument designed to measure the
only.
volume of solid materials usingArchimedes’ principle of fluid
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
displacement. The displaced fluid is a helium gas.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 specific gravity—(1) strict definition: the density of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
substance relative to that of water; (2) practical, as used in this
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test method—The numerical value of the density when the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
latter is expressed in grams per millilitre.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.51 on Powder Coatings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5965 - 02. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5965-02R07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5965−02(Reapproved2007)
4. Significance and Use the previously weighed flask and reweighing. Record this
weight as WFL. Calculate the density of the wetting vehicle
4.1 Test Method A is a less expensive method of determin-
(DL) as follows:
ing specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics,
WFL 2 WF
that produced less precise results than Test Method B. ~ !
DL 5 (1)
50 mL
4.2 Test Method B provides better precision at higher cost
and includes metallics, although different models produced
10. Procedure
different grand averages for each of the three samples tested.
10.1 Weigh the 50-mL volumetric flask. Record this weight
4.3 TestMethodCiscommonlyusedbythepowdercoating
as WF.Add15gofpowdertotheclean,dry,weighedflaskand
industry to estimate the coverage of a powder coating at a
accurately reweigh. Record this weight as WFP. Add enough
given thickness, using the theoretical specific gravity calcu-
wetting vehicle to cover the powder and gently swirl until the
lated from those of the raw materials.
powder is completely wet.
5. Reagents
10.2 The removal of entrapped air has a significant effect on
5.1 Purity—Wetting vehicles should be of reagent grades. the accuracy of the results. Care should be taken to insure
wettingoutofthepowderiscomplete.Whennecessary,stirthe
5.2 Helium—Shall be understood to mean high purity of
powder with a polished round-bottom glass rod until com-
commercial grade.
pletely covered by the wetting vehicle. Wash the rod with
wetting vehicle, adding the washings to the flask without
6. Conditioning
exceeding the 50-mL calibration mark.
6.1 These tests should be standardized at 23 6 2°C (73.5 6
10.3 Add additional wetting vehicle up to the 50-mL mark.
3.5°F) and relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for the two methods
Make sure that the bottom of the meniscus is aligned at eye
in compliance with Specification D3924.
level with the line on the front and back of the flask neck. This
TEST METHOD A—FOR TESTING POWDER
addition of wetting vehicle can be done with a squeeze bottle
COATINGS, EXCLUDING METALLICS
in a manner to wash any residual powder from the neck of the
flask. Reweigh and record this weight as WFPL.
7. Apparatus and Materials
10.4 Multiple volumetric flasks can be used in rotation to
7.1 Volumetric Flask—Calibratednarrow-neckedglasstype,
reduce cleaning and complete drying time.
having a 50-mL capacity.
10.5 Immediately clean the flask after each test to increase
7.2 Balance—A calibrated laboratory balance having a
the ease with which this is accomplished. Each flask shall be
60.001 g-accuracy.Aless accurate balance can be used with a
completely clean and dry before proceeding to the next test.
relative effect on the results.
7.3 Coating Powder—Weighed to 15 g, within a 60.01
11. Calculation
g-accuracy.
11.1 Calculate the density of the powder (DP) as follows:
7.4 Immersion Liquid—Hexane was found to be a good
WFP 2 WF
wettingvehiclefortheepoxyandpolyestercoatingsusedinthe
DP 5 5 numerator (2)
WFPL 2 WFP
round robin for the testing of repeatability and reproducibility.
50 mL 2 5 denominator
DL
7.5 Glass Funnel—Designed to fit within the neck of the
where:
volumetric flask.
WFP = weight of flask and powder,
7.6 Polished Round-Bottom Glass Rods—For dispersing
WF = weight of flask,
powder.
WFPL = weight of flask, powder, and wetting vehicle,
7.7 Squeeze Bottle—Suitable for containing and dispensing
DL = density of wetting vehicle, and
wetting vehicle. DP = specific gravity of powder.
11.2 An example, using hexane, would be as follows:
8. Hazards
50.545 g 2 36.581 g 13.964
8.1 Exercise care in handling all wetting vehicles. Make
DP 5 5
77.200 g 2 50.545 g 9.796
sure that personal equipment includes protect
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5965–96 Designation: D 5965 – 02 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Methods for
Specific Gravity of Coating Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5965; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determining the specific gravity (see definition) of coating powders, as
follows:
TEST METHOD A—For Testing Coating Powders, Excluding Metallics
TEST METHOD B—For Tests Requiring Greater Precision than Test Method A,
Including Metallics, Using Helium Pycnometry
TEST METHOD C—For Theoretical Calculation Based on Raw Material Specific
Gravities
1.2 Test MethodAcan be used as a less expensive method with reduced accuracy for determining the specific gravity of coating
powders, excluding metallics.
1.3 TheidealgaslawformsthebasisforallcalculationsusedintheTestMethodBdeterminationofdensityofcoatingpowders.
1.4 Test Method B includes procedures that provided acceptable results for samples analyzed during round robin testing.
1.5 Test Method B uses SI units as standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation
3 3
software reports surface area using alternate units. Many instruments report density as g/cm , instead of using SI units (kg/m ).
1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statement see Section 6.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnishes, Lacquers,Varnish, Lacquer, and
Related Materials
D 5382 Guide to Evaluation of Optical Properties of Powder Coatings
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions 3.1.1 and 3.1.3 are from Guide D 5382.
3.1.2 coating powders—finely divided particles of organic polymer that generally contain pigments, fillers, and additives and
that remain finely divided during storage under suitable conditions.
coating powder, n—finely divided particles of resin, either thermoplastic or thermosetting, generally incorporating pigments,
fillers,andadditivesandremainingfinelydividedduringstorageundersuitableconditions,which,afterfusingandpossiblycuring,
give a continuous film.
3.1.3 meniscusmeniscus, n—curved upper surface of a liquid column that is concave when the containing walls are wetted by
the liquid.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.51 on Powder Coatings.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1996. Published October 1996.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.51 on Powder Coatings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5965 - 02.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 06.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5965 – 02 (2007)
3.1.4 powder coatingscoating, n—coatings thatwhich are protective, or decorative, or both; that areboth, formed by the
application of a coating powder to a substrate and fused into continuous films by the application of heat or radiant energy.
3.1.5 pycnometerpycnometer, n—instrument designed to measure the volume of solid materials usingArchimedes’ principle of
fluid displacement. The displaced fluid is a helium gas.
3.1.6 specific gravity—(1) strict definition: the density of a substance relative to that of water.water; (2) practical, as used in this
test method—The numerical value of the density when the latter is expressed in grams per millilitre.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Test Method A is a less expensive method of determining specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics, that
produced less precise results than Test Method B.
4.2 Test Method B provides better precision at higher cost and includes metallics, although different models produced different
grand averages for each of the three samples tested.
4.3 Test Method C is commonly used by the powder coating industry to estimate the coverage of a powder coating at a given
thickness, using the theoretical specific gravity calculated from those of the raw materials.
5. Reagents
5.1 Purity—Wetting vehicles should be of reagent grades.
5.2 Helium—Shall be understood to mean high purity of 99.9995%. commercial grade.
6. Conditioning
6.1 These tests should be standardized at 73.523 6 3.5°F (232°C (73.5 6 2°C)3.5°F) and relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for
the two methods in compliance with Specification D 3924.
TEST METHOD A—FOR TESTING POWDER COATINGS, EXCLUDING METALLICS
7. Apparatus and Materials
7.1 Volumetric Flask—Calibrated narrow-necked glass type, having a 50-mL capacity.
7.2 Balance—Acalibrated laboratory balance having a 60.001 g-accuracy.Aless accurate balance can be used with a relative
effect on the results.
7.3 Coating Powder—Weighed to 15 g, within a 60.01 g-accuracy.
7.4 Immersion Liquid—Hexane was found to be a good wetting vehicle for the epoxy and polyester coatings used in the round
robin for the testing of repeatability and reproducibility.
7.5 Glass Funnel—Designed to fit within the neck of the volumetric flask.
7.6 Polished Round-Bottom Glass Rods—For dispersing powder.
7.7 Squeeze Bottle—Suitable for containing and dispensing wetting vehicle.
8. Hazards
8.1 Exercise care in handling all wetting vehicles. Make sure that personal equipment includes protective gloves, glasses, and
clothing. Perform test method using wetting vehicles in a solvent hood.
9. Standardization
9.1 Weigh the empty, clean volumetric flask. Record this weight as WF.
9.2 The density of the wetting vehicle, recorded as DL, can be determined by adding exactly 50 mL of wetting vehicle to the
previouslyweighedflaskandreweighing.Recordthisweightas WFL.Calculatethedensityofthewettingvehicle(DL)asfollows:
~WFL 2 WF!
DL 5 (1)
50 mL
10. Procedure
10.1 Weigh the 50-mL volumetric flask. Record this weight as WF. Add 15 g of powder to the clean, dry, weighed flask and
accuratelyreweigh.Recordthisweightas WFP.Addenoughwettingvehicletocoverthepowderandgentlyswirluntilthepowder
is completely wet.
10.2 The removal of entrapped air has a significant effect on the accuracy of the results. Care should be taken to insure wetting
out of the powder is complete. When necessary, stir the powder with a polished round-bottom glass rod until completely covered
by the wetting vehicle. Wash the rod with wetting vehicle, adding the washings to the flask without exceeding the 50-mL
calibration mark.
10.3 Add additional wetting vehicle up to the 50-mL mark. Make sure that the bottom of the meniscus is aligned at eye level
with the line on the front and back of the flask neck
...
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