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ASTM D5965-02(2013)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders

Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Test Method A is a less expensive method of determining specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics, that produced less precise results than Test Method B.  
4.2 Test Method B provides better precision at higher cost and includes metallics, although different models produced different grand averages for each of the three samples tested.  
4.3 Test Method C is commonly used by the powder coating industry to estimate the coverage of a powder coating at a given thickness, using the theoretical specific gravity calculated from those of the raw materials.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determining the specific gravity (see definition) of coating powders, as follows:    
TEST METHOD A—For Testing Coating Powders, Excluding Metallics  
TEST METHOD B—For Tests Requiring Greater Precision than Test Method A,
Including Metallics, Using Helium Pycnometry  
TEST METHOD C—For Theoretical Calculation Based on Raw Material Specific
Gravities
1.2 Test Method A can be used as a less expensive method with reduced accuracy for determining the specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics.  
1.3 The ideal gas law forms the basis for all calculations used in the Test Method B determination of density of coating powders.  
1.4 Test Method B includes procedures that provided acceptable results for samples analyzed during round robin testing.  
1.5 Test Method B uses SI units as standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports surface area using alternate units. Many instruments report density as g/cm3, instead of using SI units (kg/m3).  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2013
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.51 - Powder Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5965-02(2007) - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D5965-19 - Standard Test Methods for Density of Coating Powders
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM B1000-21 - Standard Practices for Casting Preparation and Test Procedure of Porcelain Enamel-lined Pipe, Fittings, and Valves for Use in the Municipal Wastewater, Sewage, and Water Treatment Industry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4242-07(2017) - Standard Test Method for Inclined Plate Flow for Thermosetting Coating Powders
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013

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ASTM D5965-02(2013) - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating PowdersASTM D5965-02(2013) - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders
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ASTM D5965-02(2013) - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5965 −02 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Methods for
Specific Gravity of Coating Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5965; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determin-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing the specific gravity (see definition) of coating powders, as D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
follows:
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
D5382 Guide to Evaluation of Optical Properties of Powder
TEST METHOD A—For Testing Coating Powders, Excluding Metallics
TEST METHOD B—For Tests Requiring Greater Precision than Test Method A,
Coatings
Including Metallics, Using Helium Pycnometry
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
TEST METHOD C—For Theoretical Calculation Based on Raw Material Specific
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Gravities
1.2 Test Method A can be used as a less expensive method
3. Terminology
with reduced accuracy for determining the specific gravity of
coating powders, excluding metallics. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions 3.1.1 and 3.1.3 are from Guide D5382.
1.3 The ideal gas law forms the basis for all calculations
3.1.2 coating powder, n—finely divided particles of resin,
used in the Test Method B determination of density of coating
either thermoplastic or thermosetting, generally incorporating
powders.
pigments, fillers, and additives and remaining finely divided
1.4 Test Method B includes procedures that provided ac-
during storage under suitable conditions, which, after fusing
ceptable results for samples analyzed during round robin
and possibly curing, give a continuous film.
testing.
3.1.3 meniscus, n—curved upper surface of a liquid column
1.5 Test Method B uses SI units as standard. State all
that is concave when the containing walls are wetted by the
numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instru-
liquid.
mentation software reports surface area using alternate units.
3 3.1.4 powder coating, n—coatings which are protective or
Many instruments report density as g/cm , instead of using SI
decorative, or both, formed by the application of a coating
units (kg/m ).
powder to a substrate and fused into continuous films by the
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
application of heat or radiant energy.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.5 pycnometer, n—instrument designed to measure the
only.
volume of solid materials usingArchimedes’ principle of fluid
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
displacement. The displaced fluid is a helium gas.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 specific gravity—(1) strict definition: the density of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
substance relative to that of water; (2) practical, as used in this
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test method—The numerical value of the density when the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
latter is expressed in grams per millilitre.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.51 on Powder Coatings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5965 – 02 (2007). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5965-02R13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5965−02 (2013)
4. Significance and Use the previously weighed flask and reweighing. Record this
weight as WFL. Calculate the density of the wetting vehicle
4.1 Test Method A is a less expensive method of determin-
(DL) as follows:
ing specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics,
WFL 2 WF
that produced less precise results than Test Method B. ~ !
DL 5 (1)
50 mL
4.2 Test Method B provides better precision at higher cost
and includes metallics, although different models produced
10. Procedure
different grand averages for each of the three samples tested.
10.1 Weigh the 50-mL volumetric flask. Record this weight
4.3 TestMethodCiscommonlyusedbythepowdercoating
as WF.Add15gofpowdertotheclean,dry,weighedflaskand
industry to estimate the coverage of a powder coating at a
accurately reweigh. Record this weight as WFP. Add enough
given thickness, using the theoretical specific gravity calcu-
wetting vehicle to cover the powder and gently swirl until the
lated from those of the raw materials.
powder is completely wet.
5. Reagents
10.2 The removal of entrapped air has a significant effect on
5.1 Purity—Wetting vehicles should be of reagent grades. the accuracy of the results. Care should be taken to insure
wettingoutofthepowderiscomplete.Whennecessary,stirthe
5.2 Helium—Shall be understood to mean high purity of
powder with a polished round-bottom glass rod until com-
commercial grade.
pletely covered by the wetting vehicle. Wash the rod with
wetting vehicle, adding the washings to the flask without
6. Conditioning
exceeding the 50-mL calibration mark.
6.1 These tests should be standardized at 23 6 2°C (73.5 6
10.3 Add additional wetting vehicle up to the 50-mL mark.
3.5°F) and relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for the two methods
Make sure that the bottom of the meniscus is aligned at eye
in compliance with Specification D3924.
level with the line on the front and back of the flask neck. This
TEST METHOD A—FOR TESTING POWDER
addition of wetting vehicle can be done with a squeeze bottle
COATINGS, EXCLUDING METALLICS
in a manner to wash any residual powder from the neck of the
flask. Reweigh and record this weight as WFPL.
7. Apparatus and Materials
10.4 Multiple volumetric flasks can be used in rotation to
7.1 Volumetric Flask—Calibratednarrow-neckedglasstype,
reduce cleaning and complete drying time.
having a 50-mL capacity.
10.5 Immediately clean the flask after each test to increase
7.2 Balance—A calibrated laboratory balance having a
the ease with which this is accomplished. Each flask shall be
60.001 g-accuracy.Aless accurate balance can be used with a
completely clean and dry before proceeding to the next test.
relative effect on the results.
7.3 Coating Powder—Weighed to 15 g, within a 60.01
11. Calculation
g-accuracy.
11.1 Calculate the density of the powder (DP) as follows:
7.4 Immersion Liquid—Hexane was found to be a good
WFP 2 WF
wettingvehiclefortheepoxyandpolyestercoatingsusedinthe
DP 5 5 numerator (2)
WFPL 2 WFP
round robin for the testing of repeatability and reproducibility.
50 mL 2 5 denominator
DL
7.5 Glass Funnel—Designed to fit within the neck of the
where:
volumetric flask.
WFP = weight of flask and powder,
7.6 Polished Round-Bottom Glass Rods—For dispersing
WF = weight of flask,
powder.
WFPL = weight of flask, powder, and wetting vehicle,
7.7 Squeeze Bottle—Suitable for containing and dispensing
DL = density of wetting vehicle, and
wetting vehicle. DP = specific gravity of powder.
11.2 An example, using hexane, would be as follows:
8. Hazards
50.545 g 2 36.581 g 13.964
8.1 Exercise care in handling all wetting vehicles. Make
DP 5 5
77.200 g 2 50.545 g 9.796
sure that personal equipment includes prot
...

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