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ASTM D5716/D5716M-15

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Rate of Well Discharge by Circular Orifice Weir

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Rate of Well Discharge by Circular Orifice Weir

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides design information for construction of an orifice weir. It also describes setup, operation, inspection, calculation of discharge, and reporting. The accuracy of a circular weir decreases at low flows. The use of a circular orifice weir requires a constant flow velocity over the period of measurement. The results may be affected by the piezometers distance from the orifice plate. This equipment may not be appropriate for measuring flows on small wells, or wells with limited recharge.  
5.2 Aquifer testing has been conducted for the purposes of production and pressure relief well design and water resource assessment. Production wells are used for public and industrial water supplies, hydraulic controls, and groundwater capture. Pressure relief wells are for hydraulic controls. Test wells are for the purpose of water resource assessment.  
5.3 Discharge must also be known for certain methods to evaluate well and pump performance.
Note 1: Practice D3740 provides evaluation factors for the activities in this standard. The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers construction and operation of a circular orifice weir for measuring the discharge from a well. This test method is a part of a series of standards prepared on the in situ determination of hydraulic properties of aquifer systems by single- or multiple-well tests. Selection of a well discharge measurement test method is described in Guide D5737.  
1.2 The discharge rate determined by this test method is commonly used for a number of aquifer test methods and to provide information for the evaluation of well and pump performance.  
1.3 Limitations—This test method is limited to the description of a method common to hydraulic engineering for the purpose of groundwater discharge measurement in temporary or test conditions.  
1.4 Much of the information presented in this test method is based on work performed by the Civil Engineering Department of Purdue University during the late 1940s. The essentials of that work have been presented in a pamphlet prepared by Layne-Bowler, Inc.2 and updated by Layne Western Company, Inc.3  
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall be conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this document to consider significant digits sused analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to e...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2015
ICS
93.025 - External water conveyance systems
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5716-95(2006) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Rate of Well Discharge by Circular Orifice Weir (Withdrawn 2015)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Referred By
ASTM D2434-22 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Coarse-Grained Soils
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015

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ASTM D5716/D5716M-15 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Rate of Well Discharge by Circular Orifice WeirASTM D5716/D5716M-15 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Rate of Well Discharge by Circular Orifice Weir
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ASTM D5716/D5716M-15 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Rate of Well Discharge by Circular Orifice Weir
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5716/D5716M −15
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Rate of Well Discharge by Circular Orifice
1
Weir
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5716/D5716M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
1.1 This test method covers construction and operation of a
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
circular orifice weir for measuring the discharge from a well.
of this document to consider significant digits sused analysis
This test method is a part of a series of standards prepared on
methods for engineering design.
the in situ determination of hydraulic properties of aquifer
systems by single- or multiple-well tests. Selection of a well 1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
discharge measurement test method is described in Guide pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
D5737. values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
1.2 The discharge rate determined by this test method is
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
commonly used for a number of aquifer test methods and to
conformance with the standard.
provide information for the evaluation of well and pump
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
performance.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.3 Limitations—This test method is limited to the descrip-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion of a method common to hydraulic engineering for the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
purpose of groundwater discharge measurement in temporary
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or test conditions.
1.4 Muchoftheinformationpresentedinthistestmethodis
2. Referenced Documents
basedonworkperformedbytheCivilEngineeringDepartment
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of Purdue University during the late 1940s. The essentials of
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
that work have been presented in a pamphlet prepared by
Fluids
2
Layne-Bowler, Inc. and updated by LayneWestern Company,
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
3
Inc.
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall be conform to
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
theguidelinesforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedin
D5737Guide for Methods for Measuring Well Discharge
Practice D6026.
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
Data
recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the
2.2 Other Documents:
industry standard. In addition they are representative of the
GWPD10Estimatingdischargefromapumpingwellbyuse
significant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-
of a circular orifice weir, United States Geological Survey
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsofcommontechnicaltermsusedinthis
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5716–95(2006),
which was withdrawn July 2015 and reinstated in November 2015. DOI: 10.1520/
D5716-15.
2 4
Measurement of Water Flow Through Pipe Orifice With Free Discharge, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Bulletin 501, Layne-Bowler, Inc., Mission, KS, 1958. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Measurement of Water Flow Through Pipe Orifice With Free Discharge, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Layne-Western Company, Inc., Mission, KS, 1988. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5716/D5716M−15
3.2.1 circular orifice weir—a circular restriction in a pipe may not be appropriate for measuring flows o
...

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ASTM D5716/D5716M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Rate of Well Discharge by Circular Orifice Weir

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides design information for construction of an orifice weir. It also describes setup, operation, inspection, calculation of discharge, and reporting. The accuracy of a circular weir decreases at low flows. The use of a circular orifice weir requires a constant flow velocity over the period of measurement. The results may be affected by the piezometers distance from the orifice plate. This equipment may not be appropriate for measuring flows on small wells, or wells with limited recharge.  
5.2 Aquifer testing has been conducted for the purposes of production and pressure relief well design and water resource assessment. Production wells are used for public and industrial water supplies, hydraulic controls, and groundwater capture. Pressure relief wells are for hydraulic controls. Test wells are for the purpose of water resource assessment.  
5.3 Discharge must also be known for certain methods to evaluate well and pump performance.
Note 1: Practice D3740 provides evaluation factors for the activities in this standard. The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
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1.1 This test method covers construction and operation of a circular orifice weir for measuring the discharge from a well. This test method is a part of a series of standards prepared on the in situ determination of hydraulic properties of aquifer systems by single- or multiple-well tests. Selection of a well discharge measurement test method is described in Guide D5737M.  
1.2 The discharge rate determined by this test method is commonly used for a number of aquifer test methods and to provide information for the evaluation of well and pump performance.  
1.3 Limitations—This test method is limited to the description of a method common to hydraulic engineering for the purpose of groundwater discharge measurement in temporary or test conditions.  
1.4 Much of the information presented in this test method is based on work performed by the Civil Engineering Department of Purdue University during the late 1940s. The essentials of that work have been presented in a pamphlet prepared by Layne-Bowler, Inc.2 and updated by Layne Western Company, Inc.3  
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall be conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this document to consider significant digits sused analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of th...

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ASTM D5299/D5299M-18(Guide)
Standard Guide for Decommissioning of Groundwater Wells, Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other Devices for Environmental Activities

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Decommissioning of boreholes and monitoring wells, and other devices requires that the specific characteristics of each site be considered. The wide variety of geological, biological, and physical conditions, construction practices, and chemical composition of the surrounding soil, rock, waste, and groundwater precludes the use of a single decommissioning practice. The procedures discussed in this guide are intended to aid the geologist or engineer in selecting the tasks needed to plan, choose materials for, and carry out an effective permanent decommissioning operation. Each individual situation should be evaluated separately and the appropriate technology applied to meet site conditions. Considerations for selection of appropriate procedures are presented in this guide, but other considerations based on site specific conditions should also be considered.
Note 6: Ideally, decommissioning should be considered as an integral part of the design of the monitoring well. Planning at this early stage can make the decommissioning activity easier to accomplish. See Practice D5092 for details on monitoring well construction.  
5.2 This guide is intended to provide technical information and is not intended to supplant statutes or regulations of local governing bodies. Approval of the appropriate regulatory authorities should be an important consideration during the decommissioning process. This practice is in general accordance with other national and state guidance documents on well decommissioning (ANSI/NGWA-01-14 [1]1 and California EPA [2].
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1.1 This guide covers procedures that are specifically related to permanent decommissioning (closure) of the following as applied to environmental activities. It is intended for use where solid or hazardous materials or wastes are found, or where conditions occur requiring the need for decommissioning. The following devices are considered in this guide:  
1.1.1 A borehole used for geoenvironmental purposes (see Note 1),  
1.1.2 Monitoring wells,  
1.1.3 Observation wells,  
1.1.4 Injection wells (see Note 2),  
1.1.5 Piezometers,  
1.1.6 Wells used for the extraction of contaminated groundwater, the removal of floating or submerged materials other than water such as gasoline or tetrachloroethylene, or other devices used for the extraction of soil gas,  
1.1.7 A borehole used to construct a monitoring well, and  
1.1.8 Any other well or boring that houses a vadose zone monitoring device.  
1.2 Temporary decommissioning of the above is not covered in this guide.  
Note 1: This guide may be used to decommission boreholes where no contamination is observed at a site (see Practice D420 for details); however, the primary use of the guide is to decommission boreholes and wells where solid or hazardous waste have been identified. Methods identified in this guide can also be used in other situations such as the decommissioning of water supply wells and boreholes where water contaminated with nonhazardous pollutants (such as nitrates or sulfates) are present. This guide should be consulted in the event that routine geotechnical studies indicate the presence of contamination at a site. Consult and follow national, state, or local regulations as they may control required decommissioning procedures.
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4.1 A supply well provides groundwater for household, domestic, commercial, agricultural, or industrial uses.  
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(1) baseline sampling before an operation of concern,
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(4) ongoing monitoring related to known or potential groundwater constituents of concern in the area.
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1.2 This guide provides information on typical residential and commercial water supply well systems and guidance on developing and implementing a sampling program, including determining sampling locations, suggested purging techniques, selection of potential analyses and laboratory certifications, data management, and integrity. It also includes guidance on personal safety. The information included pertains to baseline sampling before beginning any activities that could present potential risks to local aquifers, periodic sampling during and after such work, and ongoing monitoring relating to known or potential groundwater constituents in the area. This guide does not address policy issues related to frequency or timing of sampling or sampling distances from the wellhead. In addition, it does not address reporting limits, sample preservation, holding times, laboratory quality control, regulatory action levels, or interpretation of analytical results.  
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ASTM D5716/D5716M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Rate of Well Discharge by Circular Orifice Weir

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides design information for construction of an orifice weir. It also describes setup, operation, inspection, calculation of discharge, and reporting. The accuracy of a circular weir decreases at low flows. The use of a circular orifice weir requires a constant flow velocity over the period of measurement. The results may be affected by the piezometers distance from the orifice plate. This equipment may not be appropriate for measuring flows on small wells, or wells with limited recharge.  
5.2 Aquifer testing has been conducted for the purposes of production and pressure relief well design and water resource assessment. Production wells are used for public and industrial water supplies, hydraulic controls, and groundwater capture. Pressure relief wells are for hydraulic controls. Test wells are for the purpose of water resource assessment.  
5.3 Discharge must also be known for certain methods to evaluate well and pump performance.
Note 1: Practice D3740 provides evaluation factors for the activities in this standard. The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers construction and operation of a circular orifice weir for measuring the discharge from a well. This test method is a part of a series of standards prepared on the in situ determination of hydraulic properties of aquifer systems by single- or multiple-well tests. Selection of a well discharge measurement test method is described in Guide D5737M.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of th...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Supply of fresh water is limited and demand is increasing.  
4.1.1 The United Nations Population Fund estimates that only 2.5 percent of the water on the Earth is fresh, and only about 0.5 percent is accessible ground or surface water.  
4.1.2 While world population tripled in the 20th century, the use of water increased six-fold. The United Nations estimates that in the year 2017, close to 70 percent of the global population will have problems accessing fresh water. Additionally, more than 2 billion people around the world lack basic sanitation facilities.  
4.1.3 According to WWAP, agriculture use accounts for 70 percent of annual worldwide water use, industrial use accounts for 22 percent and domestic use accounts for 8 percent (1) .5  
4.2 Increased demand has put additional stress on water supplies and distribution systems, threatening both human health and the environment.  
4.3 Increased demand has intensified energy use and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. Significant energy is expended for treatment and distribution of water. According to WaterSense, American public water supply and treatment facilities consume about 56 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year—enough electricity to power more than 5 million homes for an entire year. In California, an estimated 19 percent of electricity, 32 percent of natural gas consumption, and 88 billion gallons of diesel fuel annually power the treatment and distribution of water and wastewater (2).  
4.4 The building industry diverts an estimated 16 percent of global fresh water annually (3). It is imperative that design and construction address water efficiency. The estimate of annual usage of available fresh water by the building industry accounts for the quantity of water that is required to manufacture building materials and to construct and operate buildings. It does not reflect the impact of the building industry on the quality of water.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to inform sustainable development in the building industry. It outlines ideal sustainability and applied sustainability for water management, consistent with Guide E2432. Both ideal sustainability and applied sustainability should inform decisions regarding water management.  
1.1.1 Ideal sustainability is patterned on the hydrological cycle. This provides the concept goals and direction for continual improvement.  
1.1.2 Applied sustainability outlines current best practices. This identifies available options considering environmental, economic, and social opportunities and challenges. The most appropriate option(s) are likely to vary depending on the location of the project.  
1.2 Water management challenges differ enormously depending on the type of built environment and the available water resources.  
1.2.1 The general demands of the built environment vary from very low density rural development to crowded urban development. Large cities present a particular challenge, with 400 cities worldwide housing over 1 million inhabitants.  
1.2.2 Successfully meeting the challenges of uneven distribution of water around the world, depletion of groundwater, changing rainfall patterns, and other water industry trends requires sustainable solutions for the effective management of the entire water cycle.  
1.2.3 Sustainable design, construction, and operation of water and wastewater services for the built environment are critical components of water stewardship and global sustainable water management.  
1.3 Water stewardship encompasses both pollution prevention (quality issues) and conservation (quantity issues).  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Decommissioning of boreholes and monitoring wells, and other devices requires that the specific characteristics of each site be considered. The wide variety of geological, biological, and physical conditions, construction practices, and chemical composition of the surrounding soil, rock, waste, and groundwater precludes the use of a single decommissioning practice. The procedures discussed in this guide are intended to aid the geologist or engineer in selecting the tasks needed to plan, choose materials for, and carry out an effective permanent decommissioning operation. Each individual situation should be evaluated separately and the appropriate technology applied to meet site conditions. Considerations for selection of appropriate procedures are presented in this guide, but other considerations based on site specific conditions should also be considered.
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Note 7: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures that are specifically related to permanent decommissioning (closure) of the following as applied to environmental activities. It is intended for use where solid or hazardous materials or wastes are found, or where conditions occur requiring the need for decommissioning. The following devices are considered in this guide:  
1.1.1 A borehole used for geoenvironmental purposes (see Note 1),  
1.1.2 Monitoring wells,  
1.1.3 Observation wells,  
1.1.4 Injection wells (see Note 2),  
1.1.5 Piezometers,  
1.1.6 Wells used for the extraction of contaminated groundwater, the removal of floating or submerged materials other than water such as gasoline or tetrachloroethylene, or other devices used for the extraction of soil gas,  
1.1.7 A borehole used to construct a monitoring well, and  
1.1.8 Any other well or boring that houses a vadose zone monitoring device.  
1.2 Temporary decommissioning of the above is not covered in this guide.  
Note 1: This guide may be used to decommission boreholes where no contamination is observed at a site (see Practice D420 for details); however, the primary use of the guide is to decommission boreholes and wells where solid or hazardous waste have been identified. Methods identified in this guide can also be used in other situations such as the decommissioning of water supply wells and boreholes where water contaminated with nonhazardous pollutants (such as nitrates or sulfates) are present. This guide should be consulted in the event that routine geotechnical studies indicate the presence of contamination at a site. Consult and follow national, state, or local regulations as they may control required decommissioning procedures.
Note 2: The term “well” is used in this guide to denote monitoring wells, piezometers, or other devices constructed in a manner similar to a well. Some of the devices listed such as injection and extraction wells can be decomm...

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ASTM
ASTM E3136-18(Guide)
Standard Guide for Climate Resiliency in Water Resources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This Guide addresses issues related solely to resiliency strategies and the development of a plan to address extreme weather and related physical and chemical changes to water resources. This guide does not include specific advice on risk assessment, however, references are provided in Appendix X1. Adaptation and resiliency design strategies and planning may consist of a wide variety of actions by individuals, communities, or organizations to prepare for, or respond to, the impacts of chronic and extreme natural and manmade events.  
4.2 Example Users:  
4.2.1 Small business or enterprise owners;  
4.2.2 Service industry employees;  
4.2.3 Federal, tribal, state or municipal facility staff and regulators, including departments of health; water, sewer and fire departments;  
4.2.4 Financial and insurance institutions;  
4.2.5 Public works staff, including water systems, groundwater supplies, surface water supplies, stormwater systems, wastewater systems, publically owned treatment works, and agriculture water management agencies;  
4.2.6 Consultants, auditors, state, municipal and private inspectors and compliance assistance personnel;  
4.2.7 Educational facilities;  
4.2.8 Property, buildings and grounds management, including landscaping staff;  
4.2.9 Non-regulatory government agencies, such as the military;  
4.2.10 Wildlife management entities including government, tribal, and NGOs;  
4.2.11 Cities, towns and counties, especially in developing climate vulnerability strategies and plans;  
4.2.12 Commercial and residential real estate property developers, including redevelopers;  
4.2.13 Non-profits, community groups, and property owners.  
4.3 This Guide is a first step in crafting a simplified framework for managing and communicating risks. The framework describes a process by which the user may categorize current climate risks and a priority approach to manage those risks. The technique classifies common responses for both mitigation and re...
SCOPE
1.1 Overview—Water resources in North America and other areas are subject to various impacts from chronic weather patterns, as well as more frequent extreme weather events. These include drought, flooding, changes in stream patterns, increased or decreased run-off, and changes in water quality. Water resources include both man-made and natural reservoirs, rivers, streams, groundwater, and storage ponds. The infrastructure for water supply, wastewater treatment, fire-fighting and agricultural uses are also subject to chronic weather patterns and more frequent extreme weather related events. This guide will provide an explanation of techniques users may employ to build resiliency and a planning outline for municipalities, states and private industry in order to ensure safe, future, effective availability of water resources.  
1.2 Purpose—The purpose of this guide is to provide a series of options that organizations may implement to prepare for the environmental impacts and risks from changing environmental conditions, chronic weather patterns, natural or man-made disasters, and extreme weather events. This guide also encourages consistent management of risks from natural disasters to water resources. The guide presents practices and recommendations based on regions and planning horizons that provide institutional and engineering actions to reduce the physical and financial vulnerabilities attributable to changing environmental conditions. It presents available technologies, institutional controls, and engineering controls that can be implemented by individuals and organizations seeking to increase their adaptive and resiliency capacity.  
1.2.1 The guide also provides some high-level options for the planning, selection, implementation, and review of strategies in order to ensure that the approach continues to be environmentally responsible, in the best interest of the public, reasonable, and cost effective. This guide ca...

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ASTM
ASTM D8006-16(Guide)
Standard Guide for Sampling and Analysis of Residential and Commercial Water Supply Wells in Areas of Exploration and Production (E&P) Operations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A supply well provides groundwater for household, domestic, commercial, agricultural, or industrial uses.  
4.2 Using a standardized protocol based on an existing industry standard or approved regulatory methods and procedures to collect water samples from a supply well is essential to obtain representative water quality data. These data can be critical to efforts to protect water uses, and human health, and identify changes when they occur. Use of this guide will help the project team to design and execute an effective water supply sampling program.  
4.3 It is important to understand the objectives of the sampling program before designing it. Water supplies may be sampled for various reasons including any or all of the following:
(1) baseline sampling before an operation of concern,
(2) periodic sampling during such an operation,
(3) investigative responses to perceived changes in water quality, or
(4) ongoing monitoring related to known or potential groundwater constituents of concern in the area.
Sampling programs should be based on these objectives and be developed in coordination with the prospective laboratory(ies) to ensure its procedures, capabilities, and limitations meet the needs of the program, protect human health and fulfill regulatory requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents a methodology for obtaining representative groundwater samples from domestic or commercial water wells that are in proximity to oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) operations. E&P operations include, but are not necessarily limited to, site preparation, drilling, completion, and well stimulation (including hydraulic fracturing), and production activities. The goal is to obtain representative groundwater samples from domestic or commercial water wells that can be used to identify the baseline groundwater quality and any subsequent changes that may be identified. While this guide focuses on baseline sampling in conjunction with oil and gas E&P activities, the principles and practices recommended are based on well-established methods that have been in use for many years in other industrial situations. This guide recommends sampling and analytical testing procedures that can identify various chemical species present including metals, dissolved gases (such as methane), hydrocarbons (and other organic compounds), as well as overall water quality.  
1.2 This guide provides information on typical residential and commercial water supply well systems and guidance on developing and implementing a sampling program, including determining sampling locations, suggested purging techniques, selection of potential analyses and laboratory certifications, data management, and integrity. It also includes guidance on personal safety. The information included pertains to baseline sampling before beginning any activities that could present potential risks to local aquifers, periodic sampling during and after such work, and ongoing monitoring relating to known or potential groundwater constituents in the area. This guide does not address policy issues related to frequency or timing of sampling or sampling distances from the wellhead. In addition, it does not address reporting limits, sample preservation, holding times, laboratory quality control, regulatory action levels, or interpretation of analytical results.  
1.3 These guidelines are not intended to replace or supersede regulatory requirements and technical methodology or guidance nor are these guidelines intended for inclusion by reference in regulations. Instances where this guide is in conflict with statutory or regulatory requirements, practitioners shall defer to the latter. These guidelines are intended to assist in developing sampling programs to meet project goals and objectives. However, site-specific conditions, regulatory requirements, site-specific health and safety issues, technical manuals and directives, and program data quality o...

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ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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