ASTM E2728-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and Operation of Buildings
Standard Guide for Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and Operation of Buildings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Supply of fresh water is limited and demand is increasing.
4.1.1 The United Nations Population Fund estimates that only 2.5 percent of the water on the Earth is fresh, and only about 0.5 percent is accessible ground or surface water.
4.1.2 While world population tripled in the 20th century, the use of water increased six-fold. The United Nations estimates that in the year 2017, close to 70 percent of the global population will have problems accessing fresh water. Additionally, more than 2 billion people around the world lack basic sanitation facilities.
4.1.3 According to WWAP, agriculture use accounts for 70 percent of annual worldwide water use, industrial use accounts for 22 percent and domestic use accounts for 8 percent (1) .5
4.2 Increased demand has put additional stress on water supplies and distribution systems, threatening both human health and the environment.
4.3 Increased demand has intensified energy use and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. Significant energy is expended for treatment and distribution of water. According to WaterSense, American public water supply and treatment facilities consume about 56 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year—enough electricity to power more than 5 million homes for an entire year. In California, an estimated 19 percent of electricity, 32 percent of natural gas consumption, and 88 billion gallons of diesel fuel annually power the treatment and distribution of water and wastewater (2).
4.4 The building industry diverts an estimated 16 percent of global fresh water annually (3). It is imperative that design and construction address water efficiency. The estimate of annual usage of available fresh water by the building industry accounts for the quantity of water that is required to manufacture building materials and to construct and operate buildings. It does not reflect the impact of the building industry on the quality of water.
4.5 This guide provides information regarding ideal sustain...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to inform sustainable development in the building industry. It outlines ideal sustainability and applied sustainability for water management, consistent with Guide E2432. Both ideal sustainability and applied sustainability should inform decisions regarding water management.
1.1.1 Ideal sustainability is patterned on the hydrological cycle. This provides the concept goals and direction for continual improvement.
1.1.2 Applied sustainability outlines current best practices. This identifies available options considering environmental, economic, and social opportunities and challenges. The most appropriate option(s) are likely to vary depending on the location of the project.
1.2 Water management challenges differ enormously depending on the type of built environment and the available water resources.
1.2.1 The general demands of the built environment vary from very low density rural development to crowded urban development. Large cities present a particular challenge, with 400 cities worldwide housing over 1 million inhabitants.
1.2.2 Successfully meeting the challenges of uneven distribution of water around the world, depletion of groundwater, changing rainfall patterns, and other water industry trends requires sustainable solutions for the effective management of the entire water cycle.
1.2.3 Sustainable design, construction, and operation of water and wastewater services for the built environment are critical components of water stewardship and global sustainable water management.
1.3 Water stewardship encompasses both pollution prevention (quality issues) and conservation (quantity issues).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user o...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2728 − 19
Standard Guide for
Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and
1
Operation of Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This guide is intended to inform sustainable develop-
standard.
ment in the building industry. It outlines ideal sustainability
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and applied sustainability for water management, consistent
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with Guide E2432. Both ideal sustainability and applied
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sustainability should inform decisions regarding water man-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and to
agement.
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
1.1.1 Ideal sustainability is patterned on the hydrological
use.
cycle. This provides the concept goals and direction for
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
continual improvement.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1.2 Applied sustainability outlines current best practices.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
This identifies available options considering environmental,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
economic, and social opportunities and challenges. The most
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
appropriate option(s) are likely to vary depending on the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
location of the project.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Water management challenges differ enormously de-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pending on the type of built environment and the available
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-
water resources.
mance of Buildings
1.2.1 The general demands of the built environment vary
E2348 Guide for Framework for a Consensus-based Envi-
from very low density rural development to crowded urban
ronmental Decision-making Process
development. Large cities present a particular challenge, with
E2432 Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Rela-
400 cities worldwide housing over 1 million inhabitants.
tive to Buildings
1.2.2 Successfully meeting the challenges of uneven distri-
E2635 Practice for Water Conservation in Buildings
bution of water around the world, depletion of groundwater,
Through In-Situ Water Reclamation
changing rainfall patterns, and other water industry trends
2.2 Other Reference Documents:
requires sustainable solutions for the effective management of
3
WaterSense
the entire water cycle.
4
WWAP World Water Assessment Programme
1.2.3 Sustainable design, construction, and operation of
water and wastewater services for the built environment are
3. Terminology
critical components of water stewardship and global sustain-
3.1 Definitions—For terms related to sustainability relative
able water management.
to the performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.
1.3 Water stewardship encompasses both pollution preven-
tion (quality issues) and conservation (quantity issues).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability the ASTM website.
3
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.01 on Buildings and Construc- AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
tion. Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally http://www.epa.gov/watersense.
4
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2728–11. DOI: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO),
10.1520/E2728-19. 7 place Fontenoy, 75007 Paris, France, http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2728 − 19
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.11.1 Discussion—UNEPcons
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2728 − 11 E2728 − 19
Standard Guide for
Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and
1
Operation of Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to inform sustainable development in the building industry. It outlines ideal sustainability and applied
sustainability for water management, consistent with Guide E2432. Both ideal sustainability and applied sustainability should
inform decisions regarding water management.
1.1.1 Ideal sustainability is patterned on the hydrological cycle. This provides the concept goals and direction for continual
improvement.
1.1.2 Applied sustainability outlines current best practices. This identifies available options considering environmental,
economic, and social opportunities and challenges. The most appropriate option(s) are likely to vary depending on the location of
the project.
1.2 Water management challenges differ enormously depending on the type of built environment and the available water
resources.
1.2.1 The general demands of the built environment vary from very low density rural development to crowded urban
development. Large cities present a particular challenge, with 400 cities worldwide housing over 1 million inhabitants.
1.2.2 Successfully meeting the challenges of uneven distribution of water around the world, depletion of groundwater, changing
rainfall patterns, and other water industry trends requires sustainable solutions for the effective management of the entire water
cycle.
1.2.3 Sustainable design, construction, and operation of water and wastewater services for the built environment are critical
components of water stewardship and global sustainable water management.
1.3 Water stewardship encompasses both pollution prevention (quality issues) and conservation (quantity issues).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
E2348 Guide for Framework for a Consensus-based Environmental Decision-making Process
E2432 Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings
E2635 Practice for Water Conservation in Buildings Through In-Situ Water Reclamation
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.07 on Water Use and Conservation.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011May 1, 2019. Published March 2011May 2019. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2728–11.
DOI: 10.1520/E2728-11.10.1520/E2728–19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2728 − 19
2.2 Other Reference Documents:
3
WaterSense
4
WWAP World Water Assessment Programme
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For terms related to sustainability relative to the performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 effluent, n—wastewater, treated or untreated, that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, industrial facility, or constructed
source.
3.2.2 emerging pollutant,pollutants, n—substanc
...
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