ASTM D4255/D4255M-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by the Rail Shear Method
Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by the Rail Shear Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These shear tests are designed to produce in-plane shear property data for material specifications, research and development, and design. Factors that influence the shear response and should therefore be reported include: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and fiber volume reinforcement content. Properties that may be measured by this test method include:
5.1.1 In-plane shear stress versus shear strain response,
5.1.2 In-plane shear chord modulus of elasticity,
5.1.3 Offset shear stress, and
5.1.4 Maximum in-plane shear stress. In cases in which the strain at failure is greater than 5 %, the shear stress corresponding to 5 % shear strain should be reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the in-plane shear properties of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials by either of two procedures. In Procedure A, laminates clamped between two pairs of loading rails are tested. When loaded in tension the rails introduce shear forces in the specimen. In Procedure B, laminates clamped on opposite edges with a tensile or compressive load applied to a third pair of rails in the center are tested.
1.2 Application of this test method is limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites in the following material forms:
1.2.1 Laminates composed only of unidirectional fibrous laminae, with the fiber direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the fixture rails.
1.2.2 Laminates composed only of woven fabric filamentary laminae with the warp direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the fixture rails.
1.2.3 Laminates of balanced and symmetric construction, with the 0° direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the fixture rails.
1.2.4 Short-fiber-reinforced composites with a majority of the fibers being randomly distributed.
Note 1: Additional test methods for determining in-plane shear properties of polymer matrix composites may be found in Test Methods D5379/D5379M and D5448/D5448M, and Practice D3518/D3518M.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pounds units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4255/D4255M − 15
StandardTest Method for
In-Plane Shear Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite
1
Materials by the Rail Shear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4255/D4255M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method determines the in-plane shear proper-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ties of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials by
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
either of two procedures. In Procedure A, laminates clamped
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
between two pairs of loading rails are tested. When loaded in
tension the rails introduce shear forces in the specimen. In
2. Referenced Documents
Procedure B, laminates clamped on opposite edges with a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tensile or compressive load applied to a third pair of rails in the
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
center are tested.
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.2 Application of this test method is limited to continuous-
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
fiber or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix com-
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
posites in the following material forms:
Resins
1.2.1 Laminates composed only of unidirectional fibrous
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
laminae, with the fiber direction oriented either parallel or
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
perpendicular to the fixture rails.
Materials
1.2.2 Laminatescomposedonlyofwovenfabricfilamentary
D3518/D3518M Test Method for In-Plane Shear Response
laminae with the warp direction oriented either parallel or
of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials byTensileTest of
perpendicular to the fixture rails.
a 645° Laminate
1.2.3 Laminates of balanced and symmetric construction,
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
withthe0°directionorientedeitherparallelorperpendicularto
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
the fixture rails.
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
1.2.4 Short-fiber-reinforced composites with a majority of
Composite Materials
the fibers being randomly distributed.
D5379/D5379M Test Method for Shear Properties of Com-
posite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method
NOTE 1—Additional test methods for determining in-plane shear
properties of polymer matrix composites may be found in Test Methods
D5448/D5448M Test Method for Inplane Shear Properties
D5379/D5379M and D5448/D5448M, and Practice D3518/D3518M.
of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
inch-pounds units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
and Chord Modulus
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
must be used independently of the other. Combining values E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
standard. Lot or Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on
2
Lamina and Laminate Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4255/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D4255M – 01(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D4255_D4255M-15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4255/D4255M − 15
for mass, [L] for length, [T] for time, [θ] for thermodynamic temperature,
E251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Me-
and [nd] for nondimensional quantities. Use o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4255/D4255M − 01 (Reapproved 2007) D4255/D4255M − 15
Standard Test Method for
In-Plane Shear Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite
1
Materials by the Rail Shear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4255/D4255M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the in-plane shear properties of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials by either
of two procedures. In Procedure A, laminates clamped between two pairs of loading rails are tested. When loaded in tension the
rails introduce shear forces in the specimen. In Procedure B, laminates clamped on opposite edges with a tensile or compressive
load applied to a third pair of rails in the center are tested.
1.2 Application of this test method is limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites
in the following material forms:
1.2.1 Laminates composed only of unidirectional fibrous laminae, with the fiber direction oriented either parallel or
perpendicular to the fixture rails.
1.2.2 Laminates composed only of woven fabric filamentary laminae with the warp direction oriented either parallel or
perpendicular to the fixture rails.
1.2.3 Laminates of balanced and symmetric construction, with the 0° direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the
fixture rails.
1.2.4 Short-fiber-reinforced composites with a majority of the fibers being randomly distributed.
NOTE 1—Additional test methods for determining in-plane shear properties of polymer matrix composites may be found in Test Methods
D5379/D5379M and D5448/D5448M, and Practice D3518/D3518M.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pounds units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on Lamina and
Laminate Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007April 1, 2015. Published June 2007April 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D4255/D4255M – 01.D4255/D4255M – 01(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D4255_D4255M-01R07.10.1520/D4255_D4255M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4255/D4255M − 15
D3518/D3518M Test Method for In-Plane Shear Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by Tensile Test of a 645°
Laminate
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5379/D5379M Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Beam
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.