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ASTM D116-86(2016)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications

Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 For any given ceramic composition, one or more of the properties covered herein may be of more importance for a given insulating application than the other properties. Thus, it may be appropriate that selected properties be specified for testing these ceramic materials.  
3.2 Pertinent statements of the significance of individual properties may be found in the sections pertaining to such properties.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as electrical insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for completed insulators.  
1.2 These test methods are intended to apply to unglazed specimens, but they may be equally suited for testing glazed specimens. The report section shall indicate whether glazed or unglazed specimens were tested.  
1.3 The test methods appear as follows:    
Procedure  
Section  
Compressive strength  
6  
C773  
Dielectric strength  
13  
D618, D149  
Elastic properties  
8  
C623  
Electrical resistivity  
15  
D618, D257, D1829  
Flexural strength  
7  
C674, F417  
Hardness  
9  
C730, E18  
Porosity  
5  
C373  
Relative permittivity and dissipation factor  
14  
D150, D2149, D2520  
Specific gravity  
4  
C20, C329, F77  
Thermal conductivity  
10  
C177, C408  
Thermal expansion  
12  
C539, E288  
Thermal shock resistance  
11  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in 11.3, 13.5, and 15.3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2016
ICS
81.040.30 - Glass products
81.060.01 - Ceramics in general
Technical Committee
C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Drafting Committee
C21.03 - Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns
Current Stage
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D116 −86 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
electrical insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for
C329Test Method for Specific Gravity of Fired Ceramic
completed insulators.
Whiteware Materials
1.2 These test methods are intended to apply to unglazed
C373Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density,
specimens, but they may be equally suited for testing glazed
ApparentPorosity,andApparentSpecificGravityofFired
specimens. The report section shall indicate whether glazed or
Whiteware Products, Ceramic Tiles, and Glass Tiles
unglazed specimens were tested.
C408Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Whiteware
Ceramics
1.3 The test methods appear as follows:
C539Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porce-
Procedure Section
lain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware
Compressive strength 6 C773
Materials by Interferometric Method
Dielectric strength 13 D618, D149
C623Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
Elastic properties 8 C623
Electrical resistivity 15 D618, D257, D1829
and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by
Flexural strength 7 C674, F417
Resonance
Hardness 9 C730, E18
C674Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Ceramic
Porosity 5 C373
Relative permittivity and dissipation factor 14 D150, D2149, D2520
Whiteware Materials
Specific gravity 4 C20, C329, F77
C730Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass
Thermal conductivity 10 C177, C408
C773Test Method for Compressive (Crushing) Strength of
Thermal expansion 12 C539, E288
Thermal shock resistance 11
Fired Whiteware Materials
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- at Commercial Power Frequencies
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specificprecaution tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
statements are given in 11.3, 13.5, and 15.3.
Insulating Materials
2. Referenced Documents
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
2
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1829Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Ceramic
C20Test Methods forApparent Porosity, WaterAbsorption,
3
Materials at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 2001)
D2149Test Method for Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on
And Dissipation Factor Of Solid Dielectrics At Frequen-
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of
cies To 10 MHz And Temperatures To 500°C
Subcommittee C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
D2520Test Methods for Complex Permittivity (Dielectric
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2016.PublishedJuly2016.Originallyapproved
Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Mi-
in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D116–86(2011). DOI:
10.1520/D0116-86R16.
crowave Frequencies and Temperatures to 1650°C
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D116−86 (2016)
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma- 5.4.1 Apparatus—The apparatus shall consist of a suitable
terials pressure c
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D116 − 86 (Reapproved 2011) D116 − 86 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as electrical
insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for completed
insulators.
1.2 These test methods are intended to apply to unglazed specimens, but they may be equally suited for testing glazed
specimens. The report section shall indicate whether glazed or unglazed specimens were tested.
1.3 The test methods appear as follows:
Procedure Section
Compressive strength 6 C773
Dielectric strength 13 D618, D149
Elastic properties 8 C623
Electrical resistivity 15 D618, D257, D1829
Flexural strength 7 C674, F417
Hardness 9 C730, E18
Porosity 5 C373
Relative permittivity and dissipation factor 14 D150, D2149, D2520
Specific gravity 4 C20, C329, F77
Thermal conductivity 10 C177, C408
Thermal expansion 12 C539, E288
Thermal shock resistance 11
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in 11.3, 13.5, and 15.3.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory
Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C329 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Fired Ceramic Whiteware Materials
C373 Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware
Products, Ceramic Tiles, and Glass Tiles
C408 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Whiteware Ceramics
C539 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by
Interferometric Method
C623 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by Resonance
C674 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Ceramic Whiteware Materials
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011July 1, 2016. Published March 2011July 2016. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
D116D116 – 86 (2011). – 86 (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D0116-86R11.DOI: 10.1520/D0116-86R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D116 − 86 (2016)
C730 Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass
C773 Test Method for Compressive (Crushing) Strength of Fired Whiteware Materials
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
3
D1829 Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Ceramic Materials at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 2001)
D2149 Test Method for Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) And Dissipation Factor Of Solid Dielectrics At Freque
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 For any given ceramic composition, one or more of the properties covered herein may be of more importance for a given insulating application than the other properties. Thus, it may be appropriate that selected properties be specified for testing these ceramic materials.  
3.2 Pertinent statements of the significance of individual properties may be found in the sections pertaining to such properties.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as electrical insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for completed insulators.  
1.2 These test methods are intended to apply to unglazed specimens, but they may be equally suited for testing glazed specimens. The report section shall indicate whether glazed or unglazed specimens were tested.  
1.3 The test methods appear as follows:    
Section  
Test Method  
Related
Standard(s)  
6  
Compressive Strength  
C773  
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Dielectric Strength  
D618, D149  
8  
Elastic Properties  
C623  
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Electrical Resistivity  
D618, D257, D1829  
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Flexural Strength  
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Hardness  
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Porosity  
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Relative Permittivity and Dissipation
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Specific Gravity  
C20, C329, F77  
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Thermal Conductivity  
C177, C408  
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Thermal Expansion  
C539, E288  
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Thermal Shock Resistance  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 11.3, 13.5, and 15.3.  
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Standard Test Method for Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by Resonance

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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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3.2 Pertinent statements of the significance of individual properties may be found in the sections pertaining to such properties.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as electrical insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for completed insulators.  
1.2 These test methods are intended to apply to unglazed specimens, but they may be equally suited for testing glazed specimens. The report section shall indicate whether glazed or unglazed specimens were tested.  
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Dielectric Strength  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes methods to fractionate oil by evaporative weathering and then measure the properties and behavior of the weathered oil. The results of this guide can provide oil behavior data for input into oil spill models and response method selection.  
1.2 This guide covers general procedures for oil weathering and behavior and does not cover all possible procedures which may be applicable to this topic.  
1.3 The results obtained using this guide are intended to provide baseline data for the behavior of oil and petroleum products when spilled and input to oil spill models.  
1.4 The results obtained using this guide can be used directly to predict certain facets of oil spill behavior or as input to oil spill models.  
1.5 The accuracy of the guide depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can have different properties depending on their chemical contents at the moment a sample is taken.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
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  • Guide
    4 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D6390-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Draindown Characteristics in Uncompacted Asphalt Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether the amount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture is within specified acceptable levels. The test provides an evaluation of the draindown potential of an asphalt mixture during mixture design and/or during field production. This test is primarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate content such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample when the sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to those encountered during the production, storage, transport, and placement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable to mixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
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  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
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