ASTM D6364-99(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Short-Term Compression Behavior of Geosynthetics
Standard Test Method for Determining the Short-Term Compression Behavior of Geosynthetics
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for evaluation of the deformations of a geosynthetic or combination of geosynthetics (that is, geocomposite (excluding geotextiles, geomembranes, and geosynthetic clay liners)) under short-term compressive loading. This test method is strictly an index test method to be used to verify the compressive strength consistency of a given manufactured geosynthetic(s). Results from this test method should not be considered as an indication of actual or long-term performance of the geosynthetic(s) in field applications.
1.2 Since these geosynthetics may experience muti-directional compressive loadings in the field, this test method will not show actual field performance and should not be used for this specific objective. The evaluator of the results should also recognize that the determination of the short-term single plane compressive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect the installed performance of synthetic drainage systems and, therefore, should not be used as the only method of product specification or performance with respect to synthetic drainage systems.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in inch-pound units are provided in parentheses for information.
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Designation:D6364–99 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Short-Term Compression Behavior of
Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D 4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) Flow
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for evaluation of
Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
the deformations of a geosynthetic or combination of geosyn-
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
thetics (that is, geocomposite (excluding geotextiles, geomem-
D 5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness of
branes, and geosynthetic clay liners)) under short-term com-
Geosynthetics
pressive loading. This test method is strictly an index test
method to be used to verify the compressive strength consis-
3. Terminology
tency of a given manufactured geosynthetic(s). Results from
3.1 Definitions:
this test method should not be considered as an indication of
3.1.1 compressive deformation, [L], n—the decrease in
actual or long-term performance of the geosynthetic(s) in field
gage length produced in the test specimen by a compressive
applications.
load.
1.2 Since these geosynthetics may experience muti-
3.1.2 compressive strain, [nd], n—the ratio of compressive
directional compressive loadings in the field, this test method
deformation to the gage length of the test specimen.
will not show actual field performance and should not be used
3.1.3 gage length, [L], n—in compression testing, the mea-
for this specific objective. The evaluator of the results should
sured thickness of the test specimen under specified compres-
also recognize that the determination of the short-term single
sional force, expressed in units of length prior to compressive
plane compressive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect
loading. (D 5199)
the installed performance of synthetic drainage systems and,
3.1.4 geocomposite, n—a product fabricated from any com-
therefore, should not be used as the only method of product
bination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or other
specification or performance with respect to synthetic drainage
synthetics that is used in a geotechnical application.
systems.
3.1.5 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all the safety
polymeric material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
any other geotechnical engineering-related material as an
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and
integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
safety practices and to determine the applicability of regula-
(D 4439)
tory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 index test, n—a test procedure that may contain a
1.4 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
known bias but that may be used to establish an order for a set
Values in inch-pound units are provided in parentheses for
of specimens with respect to the property of interest.
information.
(D 4439)
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.7 yield point, n—the first point on the load-deformation
curve at which an increase in deformation occurs without a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
corresponding increase in load.
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Some geosynthetics do not exhibit an
exact yield point. The tested geosynthetic may exhibit a less
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
steep slope at yield. In addition, it should be stated that the
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
yield point may also be the ultimate strength of the geosyn-
cal Properties.
thetic.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved
in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6364 - 99.
3.1.8 For definitions of terms relating to geotextiles, refer to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Terminology D 4439
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6364–99 (2004)
not have the capability of adjusting the rate of deformation to the specific
4. Summary of Test Method
rate required. For these instruments, the user and producer should
4.1 Specimensaremountedbetweenparallelplatesinaload
establish mutually agreed upon testing rates. However, the rate of
frame. Compressive loads are applied at a constant rate of
deformation selected should not be greater than 10 % on the nominal
crosshead movement. The deformations are recorded as a
thickness of the test specimen per minute or 1 mm/min, whichever is
function of load. The compressive stress and strain are evalu- greater.
atedandplotted.Thecompressiveyieldpointisevaluatedfrom
6.2 Fixed Plate—The fixed plate shall be larger than the
the stress/strain relationship for those materials that exhibit a
specimen to be tested. It shall also be flat, smooth, and
detectable compressive yield point.
completely and uniformly supported.
5. Significance and Use
NOTE 3—It is recommended that the minimum fixed plate width be
equal to the sample width plus twice the thickness of the test sample. This
5.1 The compression behavior test for geosynthetics is
should support the sample through the range of deformation and prevent
intended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of
draping or flexing displacement.
the compression behavior test will be used to evaluate product.
6.3 Movable Plate—Themovableplateshallbeofsufficient
The results of the analyses may also be used to compare the
thickness and strength to preclude any bending during loading.
relative compressive yield points of materials that exhibit a
It shall be parallel to the fixed plate and attached to the
detectable compressive yield point. It is anticipated that this
compression mechanism. A spherical loading block of the
test will be used for quality control testing to evaluate
suspended,self-aligningtypeisrecommended.Thedimensions
uniformity and consistency within a lot or between lots where
and shape of the movable plate shall depend on the specimen
sample geometry factors (for example, thickness) or materials
dimensions and geometry. In general, both length and width of
may have changed.
the movable plate should each be at least 20 % greater than the
NOTE 1—This is a one-dimensional test for compressive loading of a
length and width of the specimens.
geosynthetic(s) in one plane.
NOTE 4—Where the sample exhibits excessive surface irregularities or
5.1.1 The compressive yield point of geosynthetics may be
variationinthickness,theplatesmaybemodifiedtoaccommodatesurface
evaluated from the stress/strain relationship. Many materials
irregularities and thickness variations. This can be achieved by the
exhibit compressive deformation but may not show a distinct
insertion of a layer of hardening paste between the specimen and the
compressive yield point.
plates. The surface of the specimen may require covering with a flexible
5.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the short-term film to inhibit the intrusion of the paste into the specimen. The hardened
paste, when fully cured, must be well adhered to the loading plates and
stress/strain behavior of geosynthetics under compressive
have compressive and shear strength properties at least a magnitude
stress while loaded at a constant rate of deformation.
greater than the specimen to be tested.
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
6.4 Variable Inclined Plates (Optional)—Variable inclined
commercial shipments of geosynthetics but caution is advised
plates or set angled blocks should be used to test the specimen
because interlab testing is incomplete.
under non-axial conditions. The test apparatus shall have one
5.3.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in
fixed plate and one movable plate. Fig. 1 shows set angled
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
blocks with a movable base block with a roller system to allow
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
lateral movement of the block during deformation (see 6.4.1).
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
The base and top inclined plates can be adjustable angle plates.
statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
The inclined plates or set angled blocks must meet the
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
requirements as stated in 6.3 of this test method. The base and
minimum, two parties should take a group of test specimens
top inclined plates or blocks must have a matched set of angles
frommaterialshippedtotheproject.Thetestspecimensshould
that differ by no more than 0.5 degrees. The incline plates or
then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory
blocks shall be roughened or ribbed to keep specimen from
for testing. The average results from the two laboratories
sliding down the fixed plate or block during the test. The
should be compared using the Student’s t-test for unpaired data
samples should be marked in regards to plates or blocks to
and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties
check for slippage during the test. If mutual agreement is
before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause
obtained between the manufacturer and user, other facings to
mustbefoundandcorrectedorthepurchaserandsuppliermust
the plates or blocks can be used. Allowable percent reduction
agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known
in strength based on the load angle should also be agreed upon.
bias.
NOTE 5—The use of inclined plates or blocks may assist the manufac-
6. Apparatus
turer or user to evaluate the deformation of the geosynthetic(s) under
6.1 Loading Mechanism—The loading mechanism shall be
loading at various angles. The use of inclined plates may not reflect the
capable of applying compressive loads
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