ASTM D6364-06(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Short-Term Compression Behavior of Geosynthetics
Standard Test Method for Determining Short-Term Compression Behavior of Geosynthetics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The compression behavior test for geosynthetics is intended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of the compression behavior test will be used to evaluate product. The results of the analyses may also be used to compare the relative compressive yield points of materials that exhibit a detectable compressive yield point. It is anticipated that this test will be used for quality control testing to evaluate uniformity and consistency within a lot or between lots where sample geometry factors (for example, thickness) or materials may have changed.
Note 1: This is a one-dimensional test for compressive loading of a geosynthetic(s) in one plane.
5.1.1 The compressive yield point of geosynthetics may be evaluated from the stress/strain relationship. Many materials exhibit compressive deformation but may not show a distinct compressive yield point.
5.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the short-term stress/strain behavior of geosynthetics under compressive stress while loaded at a constant rate of deformation.
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geosynthetics, but caution is advised because interlab testing is incomplete.
5.3.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, two parties should take a group of test specimens from material shipped to the project. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for evaluation of the deformations of a geosynthetic or combination of geosynthetics (that is, geocomposite (excluding geotextiles, geomembranes, and geosynthetic clay liners)) under short-term compressive loading. This test method is strictly an index test method to be used to verify the compressive strength consistency of a given manufactured geosynthetic(s). Results from this test method should not be considered as an indication of actual or long-term performance of the geosynthetic(s) in field applications.
1.2 Since these geosynthetics may experience multidirectional compressive loadings in the field, this test method will not show actual field performance and should not be used for this specific objective. The evaluator of the results should also recognize that the determination of the short-term single-plane compressive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect the installed performance of synthetic drainage systems and, therefore, should not be used as the only method of product specification or performance with respect to synthetic drainage systems.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in inch-pound units are provided in parentheses for information.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6364 − 06 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Short-Term Compression Behavior of
Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for evaluation of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
the deformations of a geosynthetic or combination of geosyn- D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
thetics (that is, geocomposite (excluding geotextiles, Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
geomembranes,andgeosyntheticclayliners))undershort-term D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
compressive loading. This test method is strictly an index test D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
method to be used to verify the compressive strength consis- of Geosynthetics
tency of a given manufactured geosynthetic(s). Results from D7001 Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement Edge
this test method should not be considered as an indication of Drains and Other High-Flow Applications
actual or long-term performance of the geosynthetic(s) in field
3. Terminology
applications.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 Since these geosynthetics may experience multidirec-
3.1.1 compressive deformation, [L], n—thedecreaseingage
tional compressive loadings in the field, this test method will
length produced in the test specimen by a compressive load.
not show actual field performance and should not be used for
this specific objective. The evaluator of the results should also 3.1.2 compressive strain, [nd], n—the ratio of compressive
recognize that the determination of the short-term single-plane deformation to the gage length of the test specimen.
compressive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect the
3.1.3 gage length, [L], n—in compression testing, the mea-
installed performance of synthetic drainage systems and,
sured thickness of the test specimen under specified compres-
therefore, should not be used as the only method of product
sional force, expressed in units of length prior to compressive
specification or performance with respect to synthetic drainage
loading. (D5199)
systems.
3.1.4 geocomposite, n—a product fabricated from any com-
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
bination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or other
Values in inch-pound units are provided in parentheses for
synthetics that is used in a geotechnical application.
information.
3.1.5 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
polymeric material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
any other geotechnical engineering-related material as an
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(D4439)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 index test, n—a test procedure that may contain a
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
known bias but that may be used to establish an order for a set
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of specimens with respect to the property of interest. (D4439)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.7 yield point, n—the first point on the load-deformation
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
curve at which an increase in deformation occurs without a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
corresponding increase in load.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Some geosynthetics do not exhibit an
exact yield point. The tested geosynthetic may exhibit a less
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
cal Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6364 – 06 (2011). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6364-06R18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6364 − 06 (2018)
steep slope at yield. In addition, it should be stated that the deformation of 10 % on the nominal thickness of the test
yield point may also be the ultimate strength of the geosyn- specimen per minute or 1 mm/min, whichever is greater. The
thetic. capacity of the load frame shall be at least two times greater
than the compressive yield point of or the maximum load
3.1.8 For definitions of terms relating to geotextiles, refer to
applied to the specimen.
Terminology D4439.
NOTE 2—Some loading mechanisms, especially the older models, do
4. Summary of Test Method
not have the capability of adjusting the rate of deformation to the specific
4.1 Specimensaremountedbetweenparallelplatesinaload
rate required. For these instruments, the user and producer should
establish mutually agreed-upon testing rates. However, the rate of defor-
frame. Compressive loads are applied at a constant rate of
mation selected should not be greater than 10 % on the nominal thickness
crosshead movement. The deformations are recorded as a
of the test specimen per minute or 1 mm/min, whichever is greater.
function of load. The compressive stress and strain are evalu-
6.2 Fixed Plate—The fixed plate shall be larger than the
atedandplotted.Thecompressiveyieldpointisevaluatedfrom
specimen to be tested. It shall also be flat, smooth, and
the stress/strain relationship for those materials that exhibit a
completely and uniformly supported.
detectable compressive yield point.
NOTE 3—It is recommended that the minimum fixed plate width be
5. Significance and Use
equal to the sample width plus twice the thickness of the test sample. This
5.1 The compression behavior test for geosynthetics is
should support the sample through the range of deformation and prevent
intended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of draping or flexing displacement.
the compression behavior test will be used to evaluate product.
6.3 Movable Plate—The movable plate shall be of sufficient
The results of the analyses may also be used to compare the
thickness and strength to preclude any bending during loading.
relative compressive yield points of materials that exhibit a
It shall be parallel to the fixed plate and attached to the
detectable compressive yield point. It is anticipated that this
compression mechanism. A spherical loading block of the
test will be used for quality control testing to evaluate
suspended,self-aligningtypeisrecommended.Thedimensions
uniformity and consistency within a lot or between lots where
and shape of the movable plate shall depend on the specimen
sample geometry factors (for example, thickness) or materials
dimensions and geometry. In general, both length and width of
may have changed.
the movable plate should each be at least 20 % greater than the
NOTE 1—This is a one-dimensional test for compressive loading of a length and width of the specimens.
geosynthetic(s) in one plane.
NOTE 4—Where the sample exhibits excessive surface irregularities or
5.1.1 The compressive yield point of geosynthetics may be
variationinthickness,theplatesmaybemodifiedtoaccommodatesurface
evaluated from the stress/strain relationship. Many materials
irregularities and thickness variations. This can be achieved by the
exhibit compressive deformation but may not show a distinct insertion of a layer of hardening paste between the specimen and the
plates. The surface of the specimen may require covering with a flexible
compressive yield point.
film to inhibit the intrusion of the paste into the specimen. The hardened
5.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the short-term
paste, when fully cured, must be well adhered to the loading plates and
have compressive and shear strength properties at least a magnitude
stress/strain behavior of geosynthetics under compressive
greater than the specimen to be tested.
stress while loaded at a constant rate of deformation.
6.4 Variable Plates (Required for High-Flow Products per
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
Specification D7001)—Variable inclined plates or set angled
commercial shipments of geosynthetics, but caution is advised
blocks should be used to test the specimen under non-axial
because interlab testing is incomplete.
conditions. The test apparatus shall have one fixed plate and
5.3.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in
one movable plate. Fig. 1 shows set angled blocks with a
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
movable base block with a roller system to allow lateral
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
movement of the block during deformation (see 6.4.1). The
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
base and top inclined plates can be adjustable angle plates.The
statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
inclinedplatesorsetangledblocksmustmeettherequirements
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a
as stated in 6.3 of this test method. The base and top inclined
minimum, two parties should take a group of test specimens
plates or blocks must have a matched set of angles that differ
frommaterialshippedtotheproject.Thetestspecimensshould
by no more than 0.5°. The inclined plates or blocks shall be
then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory
roughened or ribbed to keep specimen from sliding down the
for testing. The average results from the two laboratories
fixed plate or block during the test. The samples should be
should be compared using the Student’s t-test for unpaired data
marked in regards to plates or blocks to check for slippage
and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties
during the test. If mutual agreement is obtained between the
before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause
manufacturer and user, other facings to the plates or blocks can
mustbefoundandcorrectedor
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