ASTM D5286-01(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Subject to the limitations listed in 1.3, these test methods can be used to optimize paint application processes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general plant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids deposited to the total paint solids used during the application process, expressed as a percent.
1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight or volume of the paint solids sprayed and that of the paint solids deposited on the painted part.
1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determine the amount of paint solids deposited on the part and the capability of accurate measurement of the amount of paint sprayed.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—These test methods apply to general plant production equipment and procedures. A method specific to automotive plants is defined in Test Method D5066.
Note 2—The relationship between volatile organic compound emission rates and transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty truck topcoat operations, EPA 450/3-88-01, referenced in Test Method D5066 does not apply to general production facilities.
Note 3—A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may not represent the entire process.
Note 4—The operator and the spray-application equipment-operating conditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be representative of normal operating conditions.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7, and 10.3.1.
Note 5—These test methods have not been adopted by federal regulatory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollution regulations such as VOC, HAPS, etc.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5286 − 01 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Methods for
Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General
Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5286; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
regulatory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollution
1. Scope
regulations such as VOC, HAPS, etc.
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general
2. Referenced Documents
plant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids
2.1 ASTM Standards:
deposited to the total paint solids used during the application
D1005Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
process, expressed as a percent.
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight or
D1186Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
volume of the paint solids sprayed and that of the paint solids
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic CoatingsApplied to
deposited on the painted part.
a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determine D1200Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
D1400TestMethodforNondestructiveMeasurementofDry
the amount of paint solids deposited on the part and the
capability of accurate measurement of the amount of paint Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
sprayed.
D1475Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and Related Products
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D2369Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
only.
D2697Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear
NOTE 1—These test methods apply to general plant production equip-
or Pigmented Coatings
mentandprocedures.Amethodspecifictoautomotiveplantsisdefinedin
D3925Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Test Method D5066.
Pigmented Coatings
NOTE2—Therelationshipbetweenvolatileorganiccompoundemission
D5066Test Method for Determination of the Transfer Effi-
rates and transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty truck topcoat
operations, EPA450/3-88-01, referenced in Test Method D5066 does not
ciency Under Production Conditions for Spray Applica-
apply to general production facilities.
tion of Automotive Paints—Weight Basis
NOTE 3—A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may not
2.2 U.S. Government Standards:
represent the entire process.
NOTE 4—The operator and the spray-application equipment-operating
EPA450/3-88-018U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
conditionsduringthetransferefficiencymeasurementshouldberepresen-
Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic
tative of normal operating conditions.
Compound Emission Rate ofAutomobile and Light Duty
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Truck Topcoat Operations
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
EPAFederalReferenceMethod24DeterminationofVolatile
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Matter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume Solids,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings. 40 Code of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
Federal Regulations, Part 60, Appendix A
statements see Section 7, and 10.3.1.
NOTE 5—These test methods have not been adopted by federal
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct the ASTM website.
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.55 on FactoryApplied Coatings on Preformed The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Products. www.astm.org.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5286–01(2005). 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
DOI: 10.1520/D5286-01R11. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5286 − 01 (2011)
2.3 National Fire Protection Documents: 6.5 Rule and Calipers, for measuring the diameter of the
NFPA33SprayApplicationUsingFlammableandCombus- paint supply tank or pot, tank agitator shaft, etc.
tible Materials
6.6 Sample Containers, clean, dry, for sampling the paint
NFPA86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces
material.
3. Terminology
7. Hazards
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult
3.1.1 paint, n—the liquid material applied to coat or cover
the supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the
the surface of the part.
materials used.
3.1.2 transfer effıciency (volume), n—theratioofthevolume
of paint solids deposited to the volume of the paint solids
8. Paint Usage Measurement Procedures
sprayed, expressed as a percent.
8.1 Transfer efficiency measurement requires that accurate
3.1.3 transfer effıciency (weight), n—the ratio of the weight
measurement be made of the quantity of paint material used in
of paint solids deposited to the weight of the paint solids
the application process during the time period associated with
sprayed, expressed as a percent.
thecoatingoftheparts.Twogeneralmethodsareapplicablefor
3.1.4 volume of paint solids, n—thedifferenceinthevolume
accurately measuring paint usage.
of the paint solids on the part before painting and the volume
8.1.1 The preferred method is to determine the weight of
of the paint solids on the part after painting.
paint used during the application period studied.
3.1.5 volume percent solids, n—thesolidscontentaspercent
8.1.2 Where direct paint usage measurement by weight is
of the total volume of a sample of paint used.
not practical, an alternative approach for determining paint
3.1.6 weight of paint solids, n—the difference in the weight
usage by volume is given. The latter approach involves
of the part before painting and the weight of the part after
measuring the drop in paint level in the paint supply tank (pot)
painting and baking.
during the application period studied.
8.1.3 Where paint meter/mix equipment is used to directly
4. Summary of Test Method
feedpaintapplicationequipment,paint-componentmeterread-
ings shall be deemed reliable when the meter is properly
4.1 The weight of liquid paint used per part is determined
calibrated in accordance with the equipment manufacturer’s
(ProcedureA). The weight solids content of the paint material
calibration instructions or local calibration procedures.
is determined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed.
The transfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the weight of
9. Paint Usage Determination by Weight Procedure—
the paint solids deposited by the weight of the paint solids
sprayed. Procedure A
4.2 The volume of paint solids used per part is determined 9.1 Level and calibrate the weighing device for weighing
(Procedure B). The volume solids of the paint material is
the paint supply tank (pot).
determined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed. The
9.2 If an electronic weighing device is used, it must be
transfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the volume of the
turned on long enough to achieve stability, following the
paint solids deposited by the volume of the paint solids
manufacturer’s directions. All weighing devices must be situ-
sprayed.
ated to minimize disturbance from vibration or air movement.
5. Significance and Use 9.3 Introduce the material reduced to spray viscosity, into
the supply tank (pot) to be weighed. Before the test is
5.1 Subject to the limitations listed in 1.3, these test meth-
conducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that all
ods can be used to optimize paint application processes.
supply and return lines are filled with the paint, and that no
leaks are present in the piping system.
6. Apparatus
9.4 Shut off the paint supply tank (pot) agitator to minimize
6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 60.001 g.
vibration during the weighing process.
6.2 Tension Load Cells or Comparable Platform Scales,
9.5 Weigh the paint supply tank (pot) before the test parts
accurate to 60.02 mg (0.05 lb).
are run. Weigh the tank until two consecutive measurements
6.3 Film Thickness Gage, seeTest Methods D1005, D1186,
are obtained within the measurement accuracy of the weighing
and D1400 for type of film thickness measurement of device.
device. Average the two readings and record, P.
i
6.4 Targets,consistingofthepartstobecoated.Aminimum
9.6 After painting the test parts, reweigh the paint supply
of two targets is required.The larger the number of targets, the
tank (pot) as in 9.5 and record, P.
f
greater the accuracy of the test.
Paint Deposited Determination by Weight Measurement Method,
Procedure A
9.7 Setupthepaintsupplyequipmenttothesprayapparatus
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
D5286 − 01 (2011)
9.8 Ground all electrically conductive objects in the spray 9.22 Allow the parts to cool to room temperature prior to
area, in accordance with Chapter 9.11 of NFPA33. Except for weighing. Weighings should be repeated until the two weights
those objects required by the process to be at high voltage. are within the accuracy of the measuring equipment.
9.23 Record the weights for the coated parts, W.
9.9 Prior to running the test, agitate the test paint in a paint
f
supply tank (pot) at least 30 min before paint samples are
10. Paint Usage Determination by Volume Procedure—
taken.
Procedure B
9.10 Using an airtight container, take a paint grab sample
10.1 Measure the inside diameter of the paint supply tank
from the paint supply tank (pot) in accordance with Practice
(pot) and calculate the cross sectional area of the tank. If any
D3925.
objectsareinthemeasurementzonesuchasagitatorshafts,fill
9.11 Determine and record the following from the paint
pipes, etc, the cross sectional area of these objects must be
sample:
determined and the values subtracted from the cross sectional
9.11.1 Paint viscosity in accordance with Test Method
area of the tank. The difference is the net cross sectional area.
D1200,
10.2 Introduce the material, reduced to spray viscosity, into
9.11.2 Weight percent solids in accordance with Test
the supply tank (pot) to be measured. Before the test is
Method D2369. If the baking temperature in Test Method
conducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that all
D2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturer’s recommended
supply and return lines are filled with the paint, and that no
cure schedule, and
leaks are present in the piping system.
9.11.3 Electrical resistivity for samples applied electrostati-
10.3 Record the paint supply tank (pot) levels before and
cally.
after the test. Take the initial reading just prior to painting the
9.12 Numbereachpart,beforeweighing,usingapermanent first test part. Take the final reading just after the last part has
marking pen. beenpainted.Makesurethatthemeasurementsaretakentothe
nearest ⁄16 in. with a measuring stick. Measurements are made
9.13 Weigh each part and record the uncoated weight, W
i
from the top of the paint supply tank (pot) to the top of the
and the part number.
liquid level. The top of the paint supply tank (pot) is deter-
9.14 Attachthepreweighed,labeledpartstothepartholder. mined by laying a straightedge across the top of the paint
supply tank (pot) in the same position for each measurement.
9.15 If electrostatic equipment is used, the resistance shall
The volume of any objects in the measurement zone such as
be less than 1×10 Ω between the target and earth ground in
agitator shafts, fill pipes, etc. must be subtracted from the total
accordance with Chapter 9.8 of NFPA 33.
volume. Calculate the volume of paint used, V by multiplying
9.16 Adjust the following equipment operating parameters, this difference in liquid levels, before and after the test by the
as appropriate, to the values desired for testing:
net cross sectional area determined in 10.1.
10.3.1 Warning: Measuring devices used in this procedure
9.16.1 Paint fluid pressure, at spray gun, psi (kPa),
must be effectively grounded before contacting the paint
9.16.2 Atomizing air pressure, at spray gun, psi (kPa),
supply tank (pot) or the liquid surface of the paint.
9.16.3 Rotating atomizer head speed (revolutions per min-
Paint Deposited Determination by Volume Measurement Method,
ute) with and without paint fluid flow,
Procedure B
9.16.4 Operating voltage (kilovolts) if electrostatic equip-
10.4 Set up the paint supply equipment to the spray appa-
ment is used,
ratus in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
9.16.5 Ambient air temperature, ° Fahrenheit (Celsius).
10.5 Ground all electrically conductive objects in the spray
9.16.6 Paint fluid temperature, ° Fahrenheit (Celsius) and
area, except those objects required by the process to be at high
9.16.7 Relative humidity (percent).
voltage in accordance with Chapter 9 to 11 of NFPA33.
9.17 For electrostatic spray equipment, measure the operat-
10.6 Priortorunningthetest,agitatethetestpaintinapaint
ing voltage and adjust it according to the manufacturer’s
supply tank (pot) at least 30 min before paint samples are
instructions.
taken.
9.18 Run a control part weighing before, W and after, W
10.7 Using an airtight container, take a paint grab sample
ci cf
the drying step. Do not apply paint to the control part. The
from the paint supply tank (pot) in accordance with Practice
control part is used to determine if there is any weight loss
D3925.
frommiscellaneousmaterialsthatmayoccurinthedryingstep.
10.8 Determine and record the following from the paint
9.19 Turnonthepaintsprayequipment.Maintainauniform sample:
paint flow during the test. 10.8.1 Paint viscosity in accordance with Test Method
D1200,
9.20 Turn off the paint spray equipment when the required
10.8.2 Volume percent solids in accordance with Test
...
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