ASTM D5286-01(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Subject to the limitations listed in 1.3, these test methods can be used to optimize paint application processes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general plant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids deposited to the total paint solids used during the application process, expressed as a percent.
1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight or volume of the paint solids sprayed and that of the paint solids deposited on the painted part.
1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determine the amount of paint solids deposited on the part and the capability of accurate measurement of the amount of paint sprayed.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—These test methods apply to general plant production equipment and procedures. A method specific to automotive plants is defined in Test Method D 5066.
Note 2—The relationship between volatile organic compound emission rates and transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty truck topcoat operations, EPA 450/3-88-018, referenced in Test Method D 5066 does not apply to general production facilities.
Note 3—A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may not represent the entire process.
Note 4—The operator and the spray-application equipment-operating conditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be representative of normal operating conditions.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7, and 10.3.1.
Note 5—These test methods have not been adopted by federal regulatory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollution regulations such as VOC, HAPS, etc.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D5286–01(Reapproved2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General
Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5286; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
tory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollution regula-
1. Scope
tions such as VOC, HAPS, etc.
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general
2. Referenced Documents
plant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids
2.1 ASTM Standards:
deposited to the total paint solids used during the application
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
process, expressed as a percent.
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight or
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
volume of the paint solids sprayed and that of the paint solids
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
deposited on the painted part.
a Ferrous Base
1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determine
D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
the amount of paint solids deposited on the part and the
D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
capability of accurate measurement of the amount of paint
DryFilmThicknessofNonconductiveCoatingsAppliedto
sprayed.
a Nonferrous Metal Base
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
and Related Products
only.
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
NOTE 1—These test methods apply to general plant production equip- D2697 TestMethodforVolumeNonvolatileMatterinClear
ment and procedures.Amethod specific to automotive plants is defined in
or Pigmented Coatings
Test Method D5066.
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
NOTE 2—The relationship between volatile organic compound emis-
Pigmented Coatings
sion rates and transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty truck
D5066 Test Method for Determination of the Transfer
topcoat operations, EPA 450/3-88-01, referenced in Test Method D5066
Efficiency Under Production Conditions for Spray Appli-
does not apply to general production facilities.
cation of Automotive Paints—Weight Basis
NOTE 3—A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may not
represent the entire process.
2.2 U.S. Government Standards:
NOTE 4—The operator and the spray-application equipment-operating
EPA 450/3-88-018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
conditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be represen-
Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic
tative of normal operating conditions.
Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light Duty
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Truck Topcoat Operations
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
EPA Federal Reference Method 24—Determination of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Solids,andWeightSolidsofSurfaceCoatings.40Codeof
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
Federal Regulations, Part 60, Appendix A.
statements see Section 7, and 10.3.1.
NOTE 5—These test methods have not been adopted by federal regula-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct the ASTM website.
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.55 on FactoryApplied Coatings on Preformed Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
Products. on www.astm.org.
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5286 – 01. DOI: 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
10.1520/D5286-01R05. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5286–01 (2005)
2.3 National Fire Protection Documents: 7. Hazards
NFPA 33 Spray Application Using Flammable and Com-
7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult
bustible Materials
the supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the
NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces
materials used.
3. Terminology
8. Paint Usage Measurement Procedures
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
8.1 Transfer efficiency measurement requires that accurate
3.1.1 paint, n—the liquid material applied to coat or cover
measurement be made of the quantity of paint material used in
the surface of the part.
the application process during the time period associated with
3.1.2 transfer effıciency (volume), n—the ratio of the vol-
thecoatingoftheparts.Twogeneralmethodsareapplicablefor
ume of paint solids deposited to the volume of the paint solids
accurately measuring paint usage.
sprayed, expressed as a percent.
8.1.1 The preferred method is to determine the weight of
3.1.3 transfer effıciency (weight), n—the ratio of the weight
paint used during the application period studied.
of paint solids deposited to the weight of the paint solids
8.1.2 Where direct paint usage measurement by weight is
sprayed, expressed as a percent.
not practical, an alternative approach for determining paint
3.1.4 volume of paint solids, n—the difference in the vol-
usage by volume is given. The latter approach involves
ume of the paint solids on the part before painting and the
measuring the drop in paint level in the paint supply tank (pot)
volume of the paint solids on the part after painting.
during the application period studied.
3.1.5 volumepercentsolids,n—thesolidscontentaspercent
8.1.3 Where paint meter/mix equipment is used to directly
of the total volume of a sample of paint used.
feed paint application equipment, paint-component meter read-
3.1.6 weight of paint solids, n—the difference in the weight
ings shall be deemed reliable when the meter is properly
of the part before painting and the weight of the part after
calibrated in accordance with the equipment manufacturer’s
painting and baking.
calibration instructions or local calibration procedures.
4. Summary of Test Method
9. Paint Usage Determination by Weight Procedure—
4.1 The weight of liquid paint used per part is determined
Procedure A
(Procedure A). The weight solids content of the paint material
9.1 Level and calibrate the weighing device for weighing
is determined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed.
the paint supply tank (pot).
The transfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the weight of
9.2 If an electronic weighing device is used, it must be
the paint solids deposited by the weight of the paint solids
turned on long enough to achieve stability, following the
sprayed.
manufacturer’s directions. All weighing devices must be situ-
4.2 The volume of paint solids used per part is determined
ated to minimize disturbance from vibration or air movement.
(Procedure B). The volume solids of the paint material is
9.3 Introduce the material reduced to spray viscosity, into
determined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed. The
the supply tank (pot) to be weighed. Before the test is
transfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the volume of the
conducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that all
paint solids deposited by the volume of the paint solids
supply and return lines are filled with the paint, and that no
sprayed.
leaks are present in the piping system.
9.4 Shut off the paint supply tank (pot) agitator to minimize
5. Significance and Use
vibration during the weighing process.
5.1 Subject to the limitations listed in 1.3, these test meth-
9.5 Weigh the paint supply tank (pot) before the test parts
ods can be used to optimize paint application processes.
are run. Weigh the tank until two consecutive measurements
are obtained within the measurement accuracy of the weighing
6. Apparatus
device. Average the two readings and record, P.
i
6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 60.001 g.
9.6 After painting the test parts, reweigh the paint supply
6.2 Tension Load Cells or Comparable Platform Scales,
tank (pot) as in 9.5 and record, P .
f
accurate to 60.02 mg (0.05 lb).
Paint Deposited Determination by Weight Measurement Method,
6.3 Film Thickness Gage, see Test Methods D1005, D1186,
Procedure A
and D1400 for type of film thickness measurement of device.
9.7 Setupthepaintsupplyequipmenttothesprayapparatus
6.4 Targets, consisting of the parts to be coated.Aminimum
in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
of two targets is required. The larger the number of targets, the
9.8 Ground all electrically conductive objects in the spray
greater the accuracy of the test.
area, in accordance with Chapter 9.11 of NFPA 33. Except for
6.5 Rule and Calipers, for measuring the diameter of the
those objects required by the process to be at high voltage.
paint supply tank or pot, tank agitator shaft, etc.
9.9 Prior to running the test, agitate the test paint in a paint
6.6 Sample Containers, clean, dry, for sampling the paint
supply tank (pot) at least 30 min before paint samples are
material.
taken.
9.10 Using an airtight container, take a paint grab sample
from the paint supply tank (pot) in accordance with Practice
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. D3925.
D5286–01 (2005)
9.11 Determine and record the following from the paint supply and return lines are filled with the paint, and that no
sample: leaks are present in the piping system.
9.11.1 Paint viscosity in accordance with Test Method
10.3 Record the paint supply tank (pot) levels before and
D1200, after the test. Take the initial reading just prior to painting the
9.11.2 Weight percent solids in accordance with Test first test part. Take the final reading just after the last part has
Method D2369. If the baking temperature in Test Method beenpainted.Makesurethatthemeasurementsaretakentothe
nearest ⁄16 in. with a measuring stick. Measurements are made
D2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturer’s recommended
cure schedule, and from the top of the paint supply tank (pot) to the top of the
liquid level. The top of the paint supply tank (pot) is deter-
9.11.3 Electrical resistivity for samples applied electrostati-
cally. mined by laying a straightedge across the top of the paint
supply tank (pot) in the same position for each measurement.
9.12 Number each part, before weighing, using a permanent
marking pen. The volume of any objects in the measurement zone such as
agitator shafts, fill pipes, etc. must be subtracted from the total
9.13 Weigh each part and record the uncoated weight, W
i
volume. Calculate the volume of paint used, V by multiplying
and the part number.
this difference in liquid levels, before and after the test by the
9.14 Attach the preweighed, labeled parts to the part holder.
net cross sectional area determined in 10.1.
9.15 If electrostatic equipment is used, the resistance shall
be less than 1 3 10 V between the target and earth ground in 10.3.1 Warning: Measuring devices used in this procedure
must be effectively grounded before contacting the paint
accordance with Chapter 9.8 of NFPA 33.
supply tank (pot) or the liquid surface of the paint.
9.16 Adjust the following equipment operating parameters,
as appropriate, to the values desired for testing: Paint Deposited Determination by Volume Measurement Method,
Procedure B
9.16.1 Paint fluid pressure, at spray gun, psi (kPa),
9.16.2 Atomizing air pressure, at spray gun, psi (kPa),
10.4 Set up the paint supply equipment to the spray appa-
9.16.3 Rotating atomizer head speed (revolutions per
ratus in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
minute) with and without paint fluid flow,
10.5 Ground all electrically conductive objects in the spray
9.16.4 Operating voltage (kilovolts) if electrostatic equip-
area, except those objects required by the process to be at high
ment is used,
voltage in accordance with Chapter 9 to 11 of NFPA 33.
9.16.5 Ambient air temperature, ° Fahrenheit (Celsius). 10.6 Prior to running the test, agitate the test paint in a paint
9.16.6 Paint fluid temperature, ° Fahrenheit (Celsius) and
supply tank (pot) at least 30 min before paint samples are
9.16.7 Relative humidity (percent). taken.
9.17 For electrostatic spray equipment, measure the operat- 10.7 Using an airtight container, take a paint grab sample
ing voltage and adjust it according to the manufacturer’s
from the paint supply tank (pot) in accordance with Practice
instructions. D3925.
9.18 Run a control part weighing before, W and after, W 10.8 Determine and record the following from the paint
ci cf
the drying step. Do not apply paint to the control part. The
sample:
control part is used to determine if there is any weight loss 10.8.1 Paint viscosity in accordance with Test Method
frommiscellaneousmaterialsthatmayoccurinthedryingstep.
D1200,
9.19 Turn on the paint spray equipment. Maintain a uniform
10.8.2 Volume percent solids in accordance with Test
paint flow during the test.
Method D2697. If the baking temperature in Test Method
9.20 Turn off the paint spray equipment when the required
D2697 is inadequate, use the manufacturer’s recommended
number of parts have been painted. cure schedule, and
9.21 Bake the painted parts per the manufacturer’s recom-
10.8.3 Electrical resistivity for samples applied electrostati-
mended cure schedule.
cally.
9.22 Allow the parts to cool to room temperature prior to 10.9 Number each part using a permanent marking pen.
weighing. Weighings should be repeated until the two weights
10.10 Measure and record the surface area, A and the
p
are within the accuracy of the measuring equipment.
number of each part.
9.23 Record the weights for the coated parts, W .
10.11 Attach the numbered parts to the part holder.
f
10.12 Ifelectrostaticequipmentisbeingused,th
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