ASTM D878-01
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates in Insulating Oils
Standard Test Method for Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates in Insulating Oils
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of inorganic chlorides and sulfates in electrical insulating oils.
Note 1—It should be pointed out that if the strong acids, hydrochloric and sulfuric, are present, they will give positive results for chlorides and sulfates, respectively.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 878 – 01
Standard Test Method for
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Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates in Insulating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 5703 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b.
1. Scope 5.2 Beakers, 250-mL capacity.
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5.3 Test Tubes, 25-mL (25-cm ) capacity.
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of
inorganic chlorides and sulfates in electrical insulating oils.
6. Reagents
NOTE 1—It should be pointed out that if the strong acids, hydrochloric
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
and sulfuric, are present, they will give positive results for chlorides and
tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents
sulfates, respectively.
shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
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safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
2. Referenced Documents
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to Specification D 1193, Type I or Type II.
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D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.3 Barium Chloride Solution (100 g/L)—Dissolve 100 g of
barium chloride (BaCl ·2H O) in water and dilute to 1 L.
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3. Summary of Test Method
6.4 n-Heptane.
3.1 Water is used to extract inorganic chlorides and sulfates
6.5 Hydrochloric Acid (specific gravity (relative density)
from a test specimen of insulating oil. A portion of the water
1.19)—Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl).
layer is treated with nitric acid and silver nitrate to reveal a
6.6 Nitric Acid (specific gravity (relative density) 1.42)—
white precipitate if chloride is present. A second portion is
Concentrated nitric acid (HNO ).
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treated with hydrochloric acid and barium chloride. A white
6.7 Silver Nitrate Solution (100 g/L)—Dissolve 100 g of
precipitate indicates the presence of sulfate.
silver nitrate (AgNO ) in water and dilute to 1 L.
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4. Significance and Use
7. Procedure
4.1 The presence of inorganic chlorides and sulfates in oil in
7.1 In a 250-mL separatory funnel, shake thoroughly 100
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contact with metal surfaces in electrical equipment can result in
mL (100 cm ) of the oil test specimen with 75 mL (75 cm )of
corrosion of transformer components. The deterioration of
water at 95°C. Allow to separate, then draw off the water layer
metal surfaces is dependent upon the quantity of the corrosive
into a 250-mL beaker.
agent and the operating environment. Although not quantita-
7.1.1 In case the separated water is not clear, filter it through
tive, this test method is a means for recognizing the potential
a 10-cm diameter qualitative filter paper into a 250-mL
for such a hazard. 3
(250-cm ) beaker. The filtrate is then used for tests. As a check
on the filter paper, 75 mL of hot water, passed through the
5. Apparatus
paper prior to filtering the separated water, should give
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5.1 Separatory Funnel, 250-mL (250-cm ) and 500-mL
negative tests for chlorides and sulfates.
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(500-cm ) capacity.
7.1.2 In the case of high-viscosity polybutene, dilute the
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
mittee D27.06 on Chemical Test. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originally Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
published as D 878 – 46 T. Last previous edition D 878 – 96a. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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