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ASTM D2595-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range

Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.  
5.2 The test method can be used at any specified temperature between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F) that may be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)
Note 1: The specified flow of air, 2.58 g/min ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew point of less than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149 °C (300 °F).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2017
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.G0.03 - Physical Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D2595-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature RangeASTM D2595-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
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ASTM D2595-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2595 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-
1
Temperature Range
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evapora- 3.1 Definitions:
tion loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93°C 3.1.1 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
and 316°C (200°F and 600°F). This test method is intended a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149°C 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerformsa
(300°F). two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
surfacetensionandotherphysicalforces.Otheringredientsare
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
commonly included to impart special properties. D217
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3.1.2 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to form the product’s structure.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The thickener can be fibers (such as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
non-soapthickeners)whichareinsolubleor,atmost,onlyvery
information, see 5.2.
slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
mentsarethatthesolidparticlesbeextremelysmall,uniformly
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
structure with the liquid lubricant. D217
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Summary of Test Method
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 A weighed sample of grease in an evaporation cell is
2. Referenced Documents placed in a heating device maintained at the desired test
2
temperature. Heated air is passed over the grease surface for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
22h 6 0.1h. The loss in weight of the sample due to
A240/A240MSpecification for Chromium and Chromium-
evaporation is determined.
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
Vessels and for General Applications
5. Significance and Use
D217Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can
Grease
adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a
D972Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating
lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in
Greases and Oils
evaluatingalubricantforaspecificuse.Suchvolatilescanalso
E2877Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
be considered contaminants in the environment in which the
lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
test method and service performance has not been established.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.
5.2 The test method can be used at any specified tempera-
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved
ture between 93°C and 316°C (200°F and 600°F) that may
ε1
in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2595–96(2008) , which was
be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This
withdrawn January 2017 and reinstated June 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D2595-17.
2
test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NOTE 1—The specified flow of air, 2.58g⁄min 6 0.02g⁄min, (2L⁄min
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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