ASTM E456-04e1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO 3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO 3534 will not be considered normative for any E11 terms.
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An American National Standard
e1
Designation:E456–04
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in February 2006.
1. Scope E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability
Indices
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for
E2282 GuideforDefiningtheTestResultofaTestMethod
terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality
E2334 PracticeforSettinganUpperConfidenceBoundFor
and Statistics.
a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an
of Occurrence for Non-conformities, UsingAttribute Data,
E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative
When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the
2.2 ISO Standards:
normativestandardwillbeeditoriallychangedinthisstandard.
ISO 3534 Statistics-Vocabulary and Symbols
Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added
Part 1: Probability and General Statistical Terms
to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
Part 2: Applied Statistics
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO 3534 will be
Part 3: Design of Experiments
noted in this standard, but ISO 3534 will not be considered
normative for any E11 terms.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
acceptance (control chart or acceptance control chart
2
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with terms in this standard: usage, ), n—a decision that the process is operating in a
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to satisfactory manner with respect to the statistical measures
Determine Conformance with Specifications being plotted: action limits: control limits.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in acceptance quality limit AQL , n—quality limit that is the
ASTM Test Methods worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations lots is submitted for acceptance sampling. E 2234
E1169 Guide for Conducting Ruggedness Tests accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
E1402 Terminology Relating to Sampling as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Develop- principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on
ing and Applying Test Methods experimental work of some national or international organi-
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and zation, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on
LTPD Sampling Plans collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a
E2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by scientific or engineering group. E 177
Attributes Indexedby AQL accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result
and an accepted reference value. E 177
aliases, n—in a fractional factorial design,twoormoreeffects
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ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQuality
which are estimated by the same contrast and which,
and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on Editorial/
therefore, cannot be estimated separately. E 1325
Terminology.
CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,2004.PublishedDecember2004.Originallyap- assignable cause, n—afactorthatcontributestovariation,and
proved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E456–02.
which is feasible to detect and identify.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
NOTE 1—Many factors will contribute to variation but it may not be
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
feasible (economically or otherwise) to identify some of them.
the ASTM website.
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E456–04
attribute data, n—observed values or determinations which bias, n—the difference between the expectation of the test
indicate the presence or absence of specific characteristics. results and an accepted reference value. E 177
characteristic, n—a property of items in a sample or popula-
DISCUSSION—Itemsorunitsofmaterialmaybeevaluatedbycounting
tion which, when measured, counted or otherwise observed,
or measurement. Attributes ar
...
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