ASTM D1140-00

Standard Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finer Than the No. 200 (75-um) Sieve

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-um (No. 200) sieve by washing.
1.2 Two methods for determining the amount of material finer than the No. 200 sieve are provided. The method to be used shall be specified by the requesting authority. If no method is specified, the choice should be based on the guidance given in and
1.2.1 Method A---Test specimen is not dispersed prior to wash sieving.
1.2.2 Method B---Test specimen is dispersed by soaking in water containing a deflocculating agent prior to wash sieving
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2000
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.03 - Texture, Plasticity and Density Characteristics of Soils

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D1140-00(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finer than No. 200 (75-μm) Sieve
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D6913/D6913M-17 - Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D5084-16a - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D7928-21e1 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D2487-17e1 - Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D3282-15 - Standard Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM F1953-10(2018) - Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Grass Tennis Courts
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 1140 – 00
Standard Test Methods for
Amount of Material in Soils Finer Than the No. 200 (75-µm)
Sieve
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope * D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, and
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the amount
Related Construction Materials for Testing
of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve by washing.
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-
1.2 Two methods for determining the amount of material
cal Data
finer than the No. 200 sieve are provided. The method to be
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
used shall be specified by the requesting authority. If no
poses
method is specified, the choice should be based on the
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Force-
guidance given in 4.2 and 7.3
Ventilation Ovens
1.2.1 Method A—Test specimen is not dispersed prior to
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
wash sieving.
ASTM Test Methods
1.2.2 Method B—Test specimen is dispersed by soaking in
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
water containing a deflocculating agent prior to wash sieving
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Aspecimenofthesoiliswashedovera75-µm(No.200)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sieve. Clay and other particles that are dispersed by the wash
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
water, as well as water-soluble materials, are removed from the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
soil during the test. The loss in mass resulting from the wash
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
treatment is calculated as mass percent of the original sample
2. Referenced Documents and is reported as the percentage of material finer than a 75-µm
(No. 200) sieve by washing.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 702 Practice for Reducing Field Samples ofAggregate to
4. Significance and Use
Testing Size
3 4.1 Material finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve can be
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
4 separated from larger particles much more efficiently and
D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
completely by wet sieving than with dry sieving. Therefore,
D 2216 TestMethodforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
4 when accurate determinations of material finer than 75-µm
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
sieve in soil are desired, this test method is used on the test
D 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
4 specimenpriortodrysieving.Usuallytheadditionalamountof
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
material finer than 75-µm sieve obtained in the dry sieving
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirement for Agencies
process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the
Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
4 washing operation should be checked, as it could be an
as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
indication of degradation of the soil.
4.2 With some soils, particularly clayey soils, in order to
keep the finer material from adhering to the larger particles, it
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
will be necessary to soak the soil prior to washing it through
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, Plasticity
the sieve. A deflocculating agent (dispersing agent) should be
and Density Characteristics of Soils.
added to the soil when it is soaked.
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally
published as D 1140 – 50T. Last previous edition D 1140 – 97.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1140
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
mass by 0.001, check the resultant number with Table 1 of
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
Specification D 4753 for the required balance.
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
7.1.1 For example: Minimum readability = 276 g (mass) 3
criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent
0.001 = 0.3 g. A GP-2 with a readability of 0.1 g would be
and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are
suitable. A more sensitive balance could also be used.
cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure
reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740
7.1.2 As an alternative, select an auxiliary water content
provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
specimen and determine the water content (nearest 0.1 %) in
accordance with Test Method D 2216. Calculate the oven-dry
5. Apparatus
mass of the test specimen from the moist mass (nearest 0.1 %
5.1 Balance—Abalance or scale conforming to the require-
of its mass, or better (see 5.1)) and the water content.
mentsofSpecificationD 4753,readable(withnoestimation)to
7.2 Method A:
0.1 % of the test mass, or better. To determine the balance
7.2.1 After preparing the specimen in accordance with 7.1,
needed, multiply your test mass by 0.001 and check Table 1 of
place the specimen on on the uppermost (coarsest) sieve.Wash
Specification D 4753 for the class of balance readable to the
the specimen(material) on thesieve(s) bymeans of a streamof
number observed.
water from a faucet (Note 3). The material may be lightly
5.2 Sieves—A minimum nest of two sieves is recom-
manipulated by hand, to facilitate the washing process, taking
mended, the lower must be a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve and the
care not to lose any of the retained material. No downward
upper may be a 425-µm (No. 40) or larger sieve. Chose a sieve
pressure should be exerted on the retained material or sieve to
with a diameter sufficient to handle the size of specimen
avoid the forcing of particles through the sieve or damage to
required by 6.2. The 75-µm sieve should have a backing to
thesieve.Continuethewashinguntilthewatercomingthrough
prevent damage. The sieves shall conform to the requirements
the sieve(s) is clear (Note 4).
of Specification E 11. Stainless sieve mesh is preferred, as it is
less prone to damage or wear.
NOTE 3—Aspray nozzle or a piece of rubber tubing attached to a water
5.3 Oven—An oven of sufficient size, capable of maintain-
faucet may be used for the washing. The velocity of the water, which may
ing a uniform temperature of 100 6 5°C (230 6 9°F) and be increased by pinching the tubing, shall not cause any splashing of the
material over the sides of the sieve. The water temperature should not
which meets the criteria of Specification E 145.
exceed 32°C (90°F) to avoid expanding the sieve fabric.
5.4 Deflocculating Agent—A solution of Sodium Hexam-
etaphosphate of any concentration sufficient to cause particle
NOTE 4—Care should be taken not to let water accumulate on the
separationcanbeused.Acommonamountis40gper1000mL
75-µm (No. 200) sieve due to clogging of the screen. The clogging can
of water. cause overflow of the sieve and loss of material. Lightly hand tapping the
sides of the sieve or the bottom of the screen with a fingertip(s) should
6. Sampling prevent clogging. Directing a stream of water up from below the screen is
another method to unplug the sieve without physically damaging it. Be
6.1 Sample the soil in accordance with Practice D 75.
careful not to overload the screen by sieving too large a specimen, or
6.2 Thoroughly mix the soil sample and reduce the quantity
portion of a specimen, at any one time.
to an amount suitable for testing using the applicable method
7.3 Method B:
described in Practice C 702.The test specimen shall be the end
7.3.1 As an alternative, particularly for very cohesive soils;
result of the reduction. Reduction to an exact predetermined
mass is not permitted. The mass of the test specimen, after after preparing the specimen in accordance with 7.1, place the
specimen in a container, cover with water containing a defloc-
drying, shall conform with the following except as noted (6.2.1
and Note 2): culating agent, and soak for a minimum of 2 h (preferably
overnight) (Note 5). The specimen should be periodically
Recommended
Maximum Particle Standard Minimum Mass of
agitated manually or by mechanical means to facilitate the
Size (100 % Passing) Sieve Size Test Specimens
complete separation of the particles.
2 mm or less No. 10 20 g
4.75 mm No. 4 100 g
NOTE 5—It will also be easier to separate the particles if the specimen
9.5 mm ⁄89 500 g
is not dried prior to soaking.The moist mass can be adjusted to a dry mass
19.0 mm ⁄49 2.5 kg
by using the water content determination procedure from 7.1.2.
37.5 mm 1 ⁄29 10 kg
75.0 mm 39 50 kg
7.3.2 After the soaking period is completed, agitate the
6.2.1 If the same specimen is to be tested for sieve analysis contents of the container vigorously and immediately pour into
the nested sieves. Wash any r
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