ASTM D3282-15
(Practice)Standard Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
Standard Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The practice described classifies soils from any geographic location into groups (including group indexes) based on the results of prescribed laboratory tests to determine the particle-size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index.
4.2 The assigning of a group symbol and group index can be used to aid in the evaluation of the significant properties of the soil for highway and airfield purposes.
4.3 The various groupings of this classification system correlate in a general way with the engineering behavior of soils. Also, in a general way, the engineering behavior of a soil varies inversely with its group index. Therefore, this practice provides a useful first step in any field or laboratory investigation for geotechnical engineering purposes.
Note 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for classifying mineral and organomineral soils into seven groups based on laboratory determination of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. It may be used when a precise engineering classification is required, especially for highway construction purposes. Evaluation of soils within each group is made by means of a group index, which is a value calculated from an empirical formula.
Note 1: The group classification, including the group index, should be useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in earthwork structures, particularly embankments, subgrades, subbases, and bases. However, for the detailed design of important structures, additional data concerning strength or performance characteristics of the soil under field conditions will usually be required.
1.2 Units—The sieve designations are identified using the “standard” system in accordance with Specification E11, such as 75-mm and 75-μm, followed by the “alternative” system of 3-in. and No. 200, respectively.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D3282 −15
Standard Practice for
Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for
1
Highway Construction Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for classifying mineral
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and organomineral soils into seven groups based on laboratory
D421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for
determination of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
plasticity index. It may be used when a precise engineering
stants
classification is required, especially for highway construction
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
purposes. Evaluation of soils within each group is made by
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
means of a group index, which is a value calculated from an
Fluids
empirical formula.
D1140 Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Mate-
rial Finer than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Soils byWashing
NOTE 1—The group classification, including the group index, should be
useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAuger
earthwork structures, particularly embankments, subgrades, subbases, and
Borings
bases. However, for the detailed design of important structures, additional
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
data concerning strength or performance characteristics of the soil under
Barrel Sampling of Soils
field conditions will usually be required.
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
1.2 Units—The sieve designations are identified using the
Geotechnical Purposes
“standard” system in accordance with Specification E11, such
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
as 75-mm and 75-µm, followed by the “alternative” system of
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
3-in. and No. 200, respectively.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Plasticity Index of Soils
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D6913 Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Grada-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace
Sieves
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
3
2.2 AASHTO Document:
with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may
M 145 The Classification of Soils and Soil Aggregate Mix-
be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not
tures for Highway Construction Purposes
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
3. Terminology
nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a
project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
title of this document means only that the document has been
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
Thispractice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Classification of Soils. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3282 – 09. DOI: Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
10.1520/D3282-15. http://www.transportation.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3282 − 09 D3282 − 15
Standard Practice for
Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for
1
Highway Construction Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for classifying mineral and organomineral soils into seven groups based on laboratory
determination of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. It may be used when a precise engineering
classification is required, especially for highway construction purposes. Evaluation of soils within each group is made by means
of a group index, which is a value calculated from an empirical formula.
NOTE 1—The group classification, including the group index, should be useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in
earthwork structures, particularly embankments, subgrades, subbases, and bases. However, for the detailed design of important structures, additional data
concerning strength or performance characteristics of the soil under field conditions will usually be required.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematicalsieve designations are identified using the “standard” system in accordance with Specification E11conversions to SI
units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard., such as 75-mm and 75-μm, followed by the
“alternative” system of 3-in. and No. 200, respectively.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy
of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project’s many
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the
ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
D421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1140 Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by Washing
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2217D3740 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil ConstantsMini-
mum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and
Construction
1
Thispractice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification and
Classification of Soils.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009Nov. 1, 2015. Published August 2009December 2015. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
ε1
as D3282 – 93 (2004)D3282 – 09. . DOI: 10.1520/D3282-09.10.1520/D3282-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr H
...
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