ASTM D3550-01(2007)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)
Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is used for general soil investigations where samples are required for identification and testing. Disturbed samples can be classified in accordance with Practice D2487 and can be tested for moisture content, particle size, and Atterberg limits. The sampler can be equipped with stacked ring liners, which can be used directly for other laboratory tests.
The sampler can be driven with a hammer and the penetration resistance can be recorded. Numerous combinations of hammer size and drop height have been used in practice. Hammer size and drop height should be reported. Users of this practice have derived local correlations of penetration resistance and engineering properties based on local conditions and a particular hammer system and sampler, however, the penetration resistance may differ from Test Method D1586.
The user should evaluate sample quality. The process of driving the sample may disturb the soil and change the engineering properties. In soft soils, use of the thin wall tube sampler (Practice D1587) will likely result in less disturbance. In harder soils, soil coring techniques may result in less disturbance; see Practice D6151, Guide D6169.
This standard addresses sampling in drill holes with drilling equipment. The sampler can be hand driven or driven in test pits without drilling equipment. If these special driving methods are used the sampling process should be reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedure for thick wall, split barrel drive sampling of soil to obtain representative samples of soil for classification and laboratory testing. The sampler is considered to be a thick wall sampler with sharpened cutting shoe and ball check vent. The middle barrel section is often of split barrel design, but a solid barrel can be used and both may contain ring liners. The sampler is often driven, but can also be pushed in softer deposits. Penetration resistance data may be recorded. This standard uses procedures similar to Test Method D1586 on Penetration Resistance and Split Barrel Sampling of Soils. However, in this practice, differing hammer weights, drop heights, and different size samplers are used, so the data must not be reported as conforming to Test Method D1586 and cannot be used to determine Normalized penetration resistance data for sands in accordance with Practice D6066.
1.2 This practice involves use of rotary drilling equipment (Guide D5783, Practice D6151). Other drilling and sampling procedures (Guide D6286, Guide D6169) are available and may be more appropriate. Considerations for hand driving or shallow sampling without boreholes are not addressed. Subsurface investigations should be recorded in accordance with practice Guide D5434. Soil samples should be classified in accordance with Practice D2488.
1.3 This practice may or may not provide a sample suitable for advanced laboratory tests such as shear or consolidation testing. It is up to the user to determine if the sample quality is suitable for advanced laboratory testing for engineering properties. Driven samples can be more easily disturbed than pushed samples such as the thin wall tube in accordance with Practice D1587. However, thin wall tubes cannot be used in harder soils. In cases where it has been established that the quality of the thick wall driven sample is adequate, this practice may provide shear and consolidation specimens that can be used directly in the test apparatus without prior trimming. Some types of soils may gain or lose significant shear strength or compressibility, or both, as a result of sampling. In cases like these, suitable comparison tests should be made to evaluate the effect of sample disturbance on shear strength and compressibility.
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all of the methods and the issues associated with soil sampling. Users should seek qualified professionals for the decisions as to the proper equipment and methods...
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3550 − 01(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of
Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* harder soils. In cases where it has been established that the
quality of the thick wall driven sample is adequate, this
1.1 Thispracticecoversprocedureforthickwall,splitbarrel
practice may provide shear and consolidation specimens that
drive sampling of soil to obtain representative samples of soil
can be used directly in the test apparatus without prior
for classification and laboratory testing. The sampler is con-
trimming. Some types of soils may gain or lose significant
sidered to be a thick wall sampler with sharpened cutting shoe
shear strength or compressibility, or both, as a result of
and ball check vent. The middle barrel section is often of split
sampling. In cases like these, suitable comparison tests should
barrel design, but a solid barrel can be used and both may
be made to evaluate the effect of sample disturbance on shear
containringliners.Thesamplerisoftendriven,butcanalsobe
strength and compressibility.
pushed in softer deposits. Penetration resistance data may be
recorded.ThisstandardusesproceduressimilartoTestMethod
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address
D1586 on Penetration Resistance and Split Barrel Sampling of
allofthemethodsandtheissuesassociatedwithsoilsampling.
Soils. However, in this practice, differing hammer weights,
Usersshouldseekqualifiedprofessionalsforthedecisionsasto
drop heights, and different size samplers are used, so the data
the proper equipment and methods that would be most suc-
mustnotbereportedasconformingtoTestMethodD1586and
cessful for their site investigation. Other methods may be
cannotbeusedtodetermineNormalizedpenetrationresistance
available for monitoring soil sampling and qualified profes-
data for sands in accordance with Practice D6066.
sionals should have flexibility to exercise judgement as to
possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The practice is
1.2 This practice involves use of rotary drilling equipment
current at the time of issue, but new alternative and innovative
(Guide D5783, Practice D6151). Other drilling and sampling
methods may become available prior to revisions, therefore,
procedures (Guide D6286, Guide D6169) are available and
users should consult with manufacturers or producers prior to
may be more appropriate. Considerations for hand driving or
specifying program requirements.
shallow sampling without boreholes are not addressed. Sub-
surface investigations should be recorded in accordance with
1.5 This practice offers an organized collection of informa-
practice Guide D5434. Soil samples should be classified in
tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
accordance with Practice D2488.
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
1.3 This practice may or may not provide a sample suitable
judgement.Notallaspectsofthispracticemaybeapplicablein
for advanced laboratory tests such as shear or consolidation
all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to
testing. It is up to the user to determine if the sample quality is
represent or replace the standard of care by which the
suitable for advanced laboratory testing for engineering prop-
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor
erties. Driven samples can be more easily disturbed than
should this document be applied without consideration of a
pushed samples such as the thin wall tube in accordance with
project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
Practice D1587. However, thin wall tubes cannot be used in
title of this document means only that the document has been
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
ε1
priate safety and health practices. The user must comply with
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3550–01 . DOI:
10.1520/D3550-01R07. prevalent regulatory codes, such as OSHA (Occupational
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3550 − 01(Reapproved 2007)
Health and Safety Administration) guidelines while using this
D3550 − 01 (2007)
practice. For good safety practice, consult applicable OSHA penetration resistance and engineering properties based on
regulations and other safety guides on drilling. local conditions and a particular hammer system and sampler,
however, the penetration resistance may differ from Test
2. Referenced Documents
Method D1586.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3 The user should evaluate sample quality.The process of
D1586Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
driving the sample may disturb the soil and change the
Barrel Sampling of Soils
engineering properties. In soft soils, use of the thin wall tube
D1587Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
sampler (Practice D1587) will likely result in less disturbance.
Geotechnical Purposes
In harder soils, soil coring techniques may result in less
D2113Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
disturbance; see Practice D6151, Guide D6169.
Rock for Site Investigation
3.4 This standard addresses sampling in drill holes with
D2216TestMethodsforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
drilling equipment. The sampler can be hand driven or driven
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
in test pits without drilling equipment. If these special driving
D2487Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
methods are used the sampling process should be reported.
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
4. Apparatus
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
4.1 Drilling Equipment—Any drilling equipment may be
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
used that provides a reasonably clean hole before insertion of
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
the sampler and that does not disturb the soil to be sampled
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
(Guide D6286). Bottom discharge bits should be avoided as
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
they could disturb the sampling interval. Side-discharge bits
Samples
are preferable.
D5434Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
of Soil and Rock 4.2 Drive Weight Assembly—Any drive weight assembly
D5783Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water- that will provide penetration in the range from 1 to 100 blows
Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration per foot (0.30-m) may be used. In soft soils, if the sample is
and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitor- desired for laboratory testing, the sample may be pushed to
ing Devices reduce disturbance.
D6066Practice for Determining the Normalized Penetration
4.3 Ring-Lined Barrel Sampling Assembly—This shall con-
ResistanceofSandsforEvaluationofLiquefactionPoten-
sist of a shoe, sample barrel, and waste barrel (extension), and
tial
head with check valve, vents, and threaded connector (Head)
D6151PracticeforUsingHollow-StemAugersforGeotech-
for drill rod, as shown in Fig. 1. Typical outside diameters of
nical Exploration and Soil Sampling
the barrel are 2, 2.5, 3, and 3 in. Fig. 1 is reproduced from the
D6169Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling 4
Diamond Drill Core Manufacturers Association to illustrate
Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investi-
typical dimensions. Other sampler designs can be used as long
gations
as the sampler dimensions have similar proportions and are
D6286GuideforSelectionofDrillingMethodsforEnviron-
reported on the boring log. The total sampler assembly length
mental Site Characterization
is typically 2 ft (0.6 m). The length should be a whole number
suchas2ft(0.6m)suchthatitiseasytorecordsamplingdepth
3. Significance and Use
intervals to the nearest 0.1 ft (5 cm).
3.1 This practice is used for general soil investigations
4.4 Ring-Lined Sampler—Test specimens shall be obtained
where samples are required for identification and testing.
using a suitable split barrel or solid barrel lined on the inside
Disturbed samples can be classified in accordance with Prac-
with removable rings or liners. These rings or liners shall be
ticeD2487andcanbetestedformoisturecontent,particlesize,
thin-walled and shall conform to the size requirements of the
andAtterberglimits.Thesamplercanbeequippedwithstacked
particular laboratory test determinations employed. They shall
ring liners, which can be used directly for other laboratory
fit snugly inside the sampler with no discernible free play in
tests.
anydirection.Ringsareoftenbrass,steel,orstainlesssteel,but
3.2 The sampler can be driven with a hammer and the
can be made of any material of adequate strength and resis-
penetration resistance can be recorded. Numerous combina-
tance to corrosion. The sampler may be sectionalized to allow
tions of hammer size and drop height have been used in
end-to-end make-up of sections as necessary. Each section
practice. Hammer size and drop height should be reported.
shall be designed so that addition or removal of sections will
Users of this practice have derived local correlations of
not loosen, permit movement, or otherwise adversely affect
retentionoftheringswithinthesampler.Thesamplerandrings
shall be free of bumps, dents, scratches, rust, dirt, and
Drilling Safety Guide, National Drilling Association, 6089 Frantz Rd. Suite
101, Dublin, Ohio, 43017.
corrosion.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on DCDMA Technical Manual, National Drilling Association, 6089 Frantz Rd.
the ASTM website. Suite 101, Dublin, Ohio 43017, 1991.
D3550 − 01 (2007)
NOTE 1—Inside clearance ratio=(D − D )/D
i e e
NOTE 2—Dimensional tolerance of D = 60.003 in. (60.08 mm)
i
FIG. 1 Ring-Lined Barrel Sampling Assembly
NOTE 1—It is recommended that the sampler contain at least four to
4.5.1 An attachment, check valve, and one or more vents is
twelve rings or one to two liners in order to provide samples for a variety
required.
oftests.Theringheightshouldbeequaltoorlessthanitsinsidediameter.
4.6 Shoe—A shoe similar in design to that used in Test
4.5 Waste Barrel—Awaste barrel that can be removed from
Method D1586 is shown on Fig. 1. Fig. 1 shows typical sizes
the sampler in the field shall be provided to contain space for
as specified by the Diamond Core Drill Manufacturers Asso-
disturbed soil originally at the bottom of the hole. The length
of the waste barrel shall be at least three times its interior ciation (DCDMA) . The inside of the assembled shoe and
ring-lined sampler shall be smooth, straight, and uniform. Use
diameter, and the inside diameter shall be the same, or slightly
larger than, the inside diameter of the rings. The waste barrel of a hardened steel shoe improves resistance to damage.
may also contain rings or liners for containment of the Dented or distorted shoes should not be used.
disturbed soil.
D3550 − 01 (2007)
4.6.1 In NorthAmerican practice, the area ratio and cutting the shoe, sampler, and waste barrel. Take care that none of the
edge bevel have been varied. In general, it is desirable to sample is lost due to improper operation of the check valve.
maintain proportions similar to those in D1586. But for hard Record the depth of advancement.
driving conditions, the shoe may be made blunter. A cutting
5.4 When using a driving hammer to drive the sampling
angle of less than 10 degrees can result in less disturbance to
assembly,recordthepenetrationresistanceindepthincrements
the soil.
required by the testing program. In such a case, record the
hammer weight, height of drop, and number of blows, and the
4.7 Retainer—Various types of retainers may be required to
aid in recovery. These are located in spacer area 7 shown on depth interval penetrated.
Fig. 1. If a retainer is used, the type used should be reported.
5.5 After the sampler has been advanced extract the sam-
pler.Insomecasesitmightbebeneficialtoletthesamplerrest
4.8 Sample Extractor—Specimen-filled rings shall be re-
before extraction. The barrel can also be rotated to shear the
moved from the sampler by pressing them out or alternatively
base of the sample. Withdraw the sampler at a rate that will
by the use of a split barrel. The extractor disk shall be at least
preserve the sample. If there is excessive fluid pressure in the
0.5 in. (13 mm) thick and shall bear solidly against the sample
rods above, provide vent ports to relieve fluid pressure. If
rings at all points. It shall slide easily inside the sampler barrel
sample recovery is difficult, consider use of retainers (4.7).
without jamming and without free play.
5.6 Carefully disassemble the sampling assembly in such a
4.9 Containers for Specimen-Filled Rings—These shall be
manner as to minimize soil disturbance as much as possible.
snugfitting,tightlysealed(watertight),rigidcontainersorcaps
Disturbed samples may be placed in any suitable container
that will not permit movement of the specimen-filled rings
such as plastic bags or sealed jars. Label the sample contain-
inside. They shall be noncorrosive.
er(s) in a suitable manner. Discard samples that appear to be
4.10 Miscellaneous Equipment—This includes a pipe vise,
contaminated or questionable.
pipe wrenches, spatulas, cleaning brushes, buckets, rags, data
5.7 If rings or liners are used, trim the soil flush with the
sheets, transporting boxes, knife for cutting sampler, indelible
ends of the sampling rings or liner,
...
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