ASTM G113-94

Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers terms that relate to the durability testing of Nonmetallic Materials using natural and artificial weathering exposure techniques.
1.2 It is the intent of this standard to include those weathering terms in wide use in ASTM for which standard definitions appear desirable.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2001
• ICS: 01.040.77 - Metallurgy (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 77.040.99 - Other methods of testing of metals
• Technical Committee: G03 - Weathering and Durability
• Drafting Committee: G03.92 - Terminology

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM G113-01 - Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4459-21 - Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Indoor Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1850-17(2021) - Standard Guide for Improved Laboratory Accelerated Tests to Predict the Weathering and for Use in Developing Protocols to Predict the Design Life of Building Sealant Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5722-20 - Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Factory-Coated Embossed Hardboard Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight and a Soak-Freeze-Thaw Procedure
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM G7/G7M-21 - Standard Practice for Natural Weathering of Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D2565-16 - Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6578/D6578M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4355/D4355M-21 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture, and Heat in a Xenon Arc-Type Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1257-15(2023) - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solvent-Release-Type Sealants
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM G151-19 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM G183-15(2023) - Standard Practice for Field Use of Pyranometers, Pyrheliometers and UV Radiometers
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6695-16 - Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM G201-16 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exposures in Outdoor Glass-Covered Exposure Apparatus with Air Circulation
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7238-20 - Standard Test Method for Effect of Exposure of Unreinforced Polyolefin Geomembrane Using Fluorescent UV Condensation Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C957/C957M-17 - Standard Specification for High-Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane With Integral Wearing Surface
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: G 113 – 94
Standard Terminology
Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of
Nonmetallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 113; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Terminology
1.1 This terminology standard covers terms that relate to the 4.1 Definitions:
durability testing of Nonmetallic Materials using natural and
accelerated outdoor weathering, n—outdoor weathering us-
artificial weathering exposure techniques.
ing the sun as the source of irradiance, and where the rate of
1.2 It is the intent of this standard to include those weath-
deterioration is accelerated over that of the in-service expo-
ering terms in wide use in ASTM for which standard defini-
sure position increasing one or more of the influencing
tions appear desirable.
parameters.
actinic radiation, n—the spectral region(s) of a light source
2. Referenced Documents
responsible for the photodegradation of a particular material.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ambient temperature, n—the existing temperature of the air
D 9 Terminology Relating to Wood
or of an object in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding
E 41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning
atmosphere.
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
azimuth angle, n—an angle of a plane to the horizon mea-
E 349 Definitions of Terms Relating to Space Simulation
sured clockwise to the object.
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
backed exposure, n—a technique of weathering in which the
E 772 Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion
test specimens being exposed are mounted onto a solid
E 973 Practice for the Determination of the Spectral Mis-
backing material, of sufficient strength to hold the specimen.
match Parameter between a Photovoltaic Device and a
When the specimen and the backing are in direct contact the
Photovoltaic Reference Cell
backing material must be of a type that will not contaminate
G 84 Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on
the specimen. When two materials are intimately joined
Surfaces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric
together to form one composite, the materials below the top
Corrosion Testing
surface are not considered as a backing.
G 90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weath-
ering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natu- DISCUSSION—The backing is typically plywood which has the effect
of increasing specimen temperature and wet time during exposure,
ral Sunlight
compared to exposure unbacked.
2.2 AATCC Method:
16 Colorfastness to Light
black box, n—a black painted aluminum box with an open top
where the flat test specimens to be exposed constitute the top
3. Significance and Use
surface of the box. The box is equipped with mounting strips
3.1 This terminology is not intended to supersede the
to hold the test specimens firmly in place. The top surface of
requirements of similar definitions in certain other documents,
the box must be completely filled at all times; any blank
but is intended to provide a listing of terms that are in current
spaces on the top surface must be occupied by black
widespread usage, and their context in relation to weathering.
“dummy” panels to maintain correct operating condition.
black box under glass, n—a glass covered enclosure or
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-3 on Durability of
cabinet of any convenient size. It shall be constructed of
Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.92 on
corrosion resistant metal and be enclosed to prevent ambient
Editorial and Definitions.
air from circulating over the samples. Exterior non-glass
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1994. Published November 1994. Originally
published as G 113 – 92. Last previous edition G 113 – 92.
surfaces shall be painted black. The interior shall remain
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
unpainted.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4 black panel thermometer, n—a temperature measuring de-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
vice consisting of a metal panel, having a black coating
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.02.
which absorbs all wavelengths uniformly, with a thermal
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
sensitive element firmly attached to the center of the exposed
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
surface. The black panel thermometer is used to control an
Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G113
artificial weathering device and to provide an estimate of the thereof.
maximum temperature of samples exposed to a radiant AATCC Technical Manual
energy source. file specimen, n—portion of the material to be tested which is
climatological types, n—major regions of significantly differ- stored under conditions in which it is stable, and is used for
ent recurring weather patterns. In weathering, several dis- comparison between exposed and original state.
tinct climatological types are used to evaluate the atmo- fluorescent ultraviolet lamp, n—a lamp in which the irradi-
spheric durability of materials. Within any single ance from a low pressure mercury arc is transformed to a
climatological variation, at a specific geographic location, higher wavelength UV by a phosphor. The spectral power
short term weather patterns may fluctuate significantly. This distribution of a fluorescent lamp is determined by the
may cause variability in short term exposures. Major cli- emission spectrum of the phosphor and the UV transmittance
matic variations that are used for the study of weathering are: of the glass tube.
warm, moist climate—subtropical climate distinguished as fresnel-reflector system, n—flat mirrors arranged in an array
warm and humid year round, with frequent rain showers. such that they reflect onto a target, the illuminated area of
hot, dry climate—desert climate distinguished as sunny, hot, which simulates the size and shape of the flat mirror. Such an
and dry year round, with rare scattered showers. array simulates the ray-tracing of a parabolic trough of the
control, n—in weathering, the term control has three current same aperture angle. G90
widespread uses: gray scale, n—the scale consists of nine pairs of standard gray
1. A material which is of similar composition and construc- chips each pair representing a difference in color or contrast
tion to the test material used for comparison, exposed at the (shade and strength) corresponding to a numerical fastness
same time. rating. The results of colorfastness tests are rated by visually
comparing the difference in color represented by the scale.
DISCUSSION—A reference material can often be used as the control.
AATCC Technical Manual
2. A portion of the material to be tested which is stored under
irradiance, n—the radiant power per unit area incident on a
conditions in which it is stable, and is used for comparison between
−2
receiver, typically reported in watts per square metre, W m
exposed and original state.
DISCUSSION—This definition is deprecated in favor of “File Speci-
E 973
men.”
masked area, n—a portion of the exposed specimen which is
3. A portion of the exposed specimen which is protected from light
protected from light exposure by masking. (See also con-
exposure by masking.
trol.)
DISCUSSION—This definition is deprecated in favor of “Masked
Area.”
DISCUSSION—The mask area is not protected from heat and moisture.
daylight, n—total (global) hemispherical solar radiation. See natural weathering, n—outdoor exposure of materials to
also solar irradiance, global unconcentrated sunlight, the purpose of which is to assess
direct weathering, n—a technique of weathering in which the the effects of environmental factors on various functional
test specimens are exposed to all prevailing elements of the and decorative parameters of interest.
atmosphere. open flame sunshine carbon arc, n—a light source in which
dry-bulb temperature, n—the temperature of the ambient air; an arc is produced across a pair of copper coated carbon rods
for
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