ASTM D4355/D4355M-21

Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture, and Heat in a Xenon Arc-Type Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of solar radiation, moisture, and heat. The exposure used is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.  
5.2 The relation between time to failure in an exposure conducted in accordance with this test method and service life in a specific outdoor environment requires determination of an acceleration factor, as defined in Terminology G113. The acceleration factor is material dependent and is only valid if it is based on data from a sufficient number of separate exterior and laboratory-accelerated exposures so that the results used to relate times to failure in each exposure can be analyzed using statistical methods.
Note 1: An example of a statistical analysis using multiple laboratory and exterior exposures to calculate an acceleration factor is described by J. A. Simms.4 See Practice G151 for more information and additional cautions about the use of acceleration factors.  
5.2.1 The deterioration curve obtained from the results of this test method enables the user to determine the tendency of a geotextile to deteriorate when exposed to xenon arc radiation, water, and heat.  
5.3 Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this test method. Its intended use is as a qualitative assessment of the presence of ultraviolet inhibitors, and comparison of that influence between products. However, no inference to the time of stability should be implied by the test results to the relation between time duration and outdoor exposure.
Note 2: Information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.  
5.3.1 If it becomes necessary for the purchaser and seller ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the deterioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to xenon arc radiation, moisture, and heat.  
1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a xenon arc light source.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2021
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.02 - Endurance Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4355/D4355M − 21
Standard Test Method for
Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture,
1
and Heat in a Xenon Arc-Type Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4355/D4355M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D5035Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dete-
D6637/D6637MTest Method for DeterminingTensile Prop-
riorationintensilestrengthofgeotextilesbyexposuretoxenon
erties of Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile
arc radiation, moisture, and heat.
Method
1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a
D6818Test Method forTensile Properties of Rolled Erosion
xenon arc light source.
Control Products
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G113Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G141Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard. of Nonmetallic Materials
G151PracticeforExposingNonmetallicMaterialsinAccel-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
G155Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 geotextile—any permeable textile material used with
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
engineering-related material that is an integral part of a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
man-made product, structure, or system.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
2
method, refer to Terminology D123; for geotextile terms, refer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to Terminology D4439.
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
3
3.2.2 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-
D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
cable to this standard.
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
4.1 Fivespecimensofageotextileforthemachinedirection
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
and for the cross-machine direction are exposed in a xenon arc
ance Properties.
device for each of the following times: 0 (control specimens),
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D4355/D4355M–14
150, 300, and 500 h. The exposure consists of 120-min cycles
(2018). DOI: 10.1520/D4355_D4355M-21.
asfollows:90minoflightonlyat65 63°Cuninsulatedblack
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
panel temperature and 50 610% relative humidity, followed
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on by 30 min of light plus water spray. (See Note 8.)
the ASTM website.
3
4.2 Aftereachexposureperiod,thespecimensaresubjected
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. toacutorravelstriptensiletest.Theaveragebreakingstrength
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4355/D4355M − 21
in each direction i
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4355/D4355M − 14 (Reapproved 2018) D4355/D4355M − 21
Standard Test Method for
Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture,
1
and Heat in a Xenon Arc-Type Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4355/D4355M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the deterioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to xenon arc
radiation, moisture, and heat.
1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a xenon arc light source.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
D6637/D6637M Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile Method
D6818 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Rolled Erosion Control Products
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018Feb. 1, 2021. Published June 2018March 2021. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20142018 as
D4355/D4355M – 14.D4355/D4355M – 14 (2018). DOI: 10.1520/D4355_D4355M-14R18.10.1520/D4355_D4355M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4355/D4355M − 21
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 geotextile—any permeable textile material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engineering-
related material that is an integral part of a manmademan-made product, structure, or system.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123; for geotextile terms, refer to
Terminology D4439.
3.2.2 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are applicable to this standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Five specimens of a geotextile for the machine direction and for the cross-machine direction are exposed in a xenon arc device
for each of the following times: 0 (control specimens), 150, 300, and 500 h. The exposure consists of 120-min cycles as follows:
90 min of light only at
...