iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM G133-05e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear

Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to simulate the geometry and motions that are experienced in many types of rubbing components whose normal operation results in periodic reversals in the direction of relative sliding. The wear resulting from this mode of movement may differ from that experienced by the same materials sliding continuously in only one direction (unidirectional sliding) even for comparable durations of contact. Test loads and speeds are to be determined by the severity of the proposed application or purpose of the testing. Either of two sets of testing conditions (designated Procedures A and B) may be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the sliding wear of ceramics, metals, and other candidate wear-resistant materials using a linear, reciprocating ball-on-flat plane geometry. The direction of the relative motion between sliding surfaces reverses in a periodic fashion such that the sliding occurs back and forth and in a straight line. The principal quantities of interest are the wear volumes of the contacting ball and flat specimen materials; however, the coefficient of kinetic friction may also be measured using the method described. This test method encompasses both unlubricated and lubricated testing procedures. The scope of this test method does not include testing in corrosive or chemically aggressive environments.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
G02 - Wear and Erosion
Drafting Committee
G02.40 - Non-Abrasive Wear
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G133-05 - Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM G133-05(2010) - Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM G115-10(2018) - Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM G203-10(2020) - Standard Guide for Determining Friction Energy Dissipation in Reciprocating Tribosystems
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM G204-21 - Standard Test Method for Damage to Contacting Solid Surfaces under Fretting Conditions
Effective Date
01-May-2005

Buy Standard

ASTM G133-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding WearASTM G133-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM G133-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
English language
9 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM G133-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding WearREDLINE ASTM G133-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM G133-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
English language
9 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
´1
Designation:G133–05
Standard Test Method for
1
Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 11 editorially in December 2008.
1. Scope G117 Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures of
Precision Using Data from Interlaboratory Wear or Ero-
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for de-
sion Tests
termining the sliding wear of ceramics, metals, and other
G118 Guide for Recommended Format of Wear Test Data
candidate wear-resistant materials using a linear, reciprocating
Suitable for Databases
ball-on-flat plane geometry. The direction of the relative
motion between sliding surfaces reverses in a periodic fashion
3. Terminology
such that the sliding occurs back and forth and in a straight
3.1 Definitions—Definitions used in this test method are
line. The principal quantities of interest are the wear volumes
given in Terminology G40. The following definitions of
ofthecontactingballandflatspecimenmaterials;however,the
important terms used in this test method are cited from
coefficient of kinetic friction may also be measured using the
Terminology G40.
method described. This test method encompasses both unlu-
3.1.1 friction force—the resisting force tangential to the
bricated and lubricated testing procedures. The scope of this
interface between two bodies when, under the action of an
test method does not include testing in corrosive or chemically
externalforce,onebodymovesortendstomoverelativetothe
aggressive environments.
other.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 Hertzian contact pressure—themagnitudeofthepres-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
sure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as
only.
calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
theprogressivelossofmaterialduetorelativemotionbetween
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that surface and a contacting surface or surfaces.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 wear rate—the rate of material removal or dimen-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sional change due to wear per unit of exposure parameter, for
2. Referenced Documents example, quantity removed (mass, volume, thickness) in unit
2
distance of sliding or unit time.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
4. Summary of Test Method
E1181 Test Methods for Characterizing Duplex Grain Sizes
4.1 This test method involves two specimens—a flat speci-
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
menandasphericallyendedspecimen(hereincalledthe“ball”
G99 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk
specimen) which slides against the flat specimen. These
Apparatus
specimens move relative to one another in a linear, back and
G115 Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coeffi-
forth sliding motion, under a prescribed set of conditions.
cients
4.2 In this test method, the load is applied vertically
downward through the ball specimen against the horizontally
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear mounted flat specimen. The normal load, stroke length, fre-
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-
quency and type of oscillation, test temperature, lubricant (if
Abrasive Wear.
any), test duration, and atmospheric environment (including
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
relative humidity range) are selected from one of two proce-
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as G133–02. DOI:
10.1520/G0133-05E01.
dures.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.3 Since this test method involves reciprocating sliding
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
where changes in the sliding velocity and direction of motion
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. occur during the test, constant velocity conditions are not
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
G133–05
FIG. 1 Reciprocating Test—Schematic Diagram
mai
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:G133–02 Designation:G133–05
Standard Test Method for
1
Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 11 editorially in December 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describescovers laboratory procedures for determining the sliding wear of ceramics, metals, and other
candidate wear-resistant materials using a linear, reciprocating ball-on-flat plane geometry. The direction of the relative motion
between sliding surfaces reverses in a periodic fashion such that the sliding occurs back and forth and in a straight line. The
principal quantities of interest are the wear volumes of the contacting ball and flat specimen materials; however, the coefficient of
kineticfrictionmayalsobemeasuredusingthemethoddescribed.Thistestmethodencompassesbothunlubricatedandlubricated
testing procedures. The scope of this test method does not include testing in corrosive or chemically aggressive environments.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E1181 Test Methods for Characterizing Duplex Grain Sizes
G40 Terminology Relating to Erosion and Wear
G99 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus
G115 Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
G117 Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures of Precision Using Data from Interlaboratory Wear or Erosion Tests
G118 Guide for Recommended Format of Wear Test Data Suitable for Databases
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions used in this test method are given in Terminology G40. The following definitions of important
terms used in this test method are cited from Terminology G40.
3.1.1 friction force—the resisting force tangential to the interface between two bodies when, under the action of an external
force, one body moves or tends to move relative to the other.
3.1.2 Hertziancontactpressure—themagnitudeofthepressureatanyspecifiedlocationinaHertziancontactarea,ascalculated
from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation.
3.1.3 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving the progressive loss of material,material due to relative motion
between that surface and a contacting surface or surfaces.
3.1.4 wear rate—the rate of material removal or dimensional change due to wear per unit of exposure parameter, for example,
quantity removed (mass, volume, thickness) in unit distance of sliding or unit time.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves two specimens—a flat specimen and a spherically ended specimen (herein called the “ball”
specimen) which slides against the flat specimen.These specimens move relative to one another in a linear, back and forth sliding
motion, under a prescribed set of conditions.
4.2 In this test method, the load is applied vertically downward through the ball specimen against the horizontally mounted flat
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeG02onWearandErosionandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeG02.40onNon-AbrasiveWear.
´1
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as G133–95 (2002) .
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as G133–02.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
G133–05
specimen.The normal load, stroke length, frequency and type of o
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM G134-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to estimate the relative resistances of materials to cavitation erosion, as may be encountered for instance in pumps, hydraulic turbines, valves, hydraulic dynamometers and couplings, bearings, diesel engine cylinder liners, ship propellers, hydrofoils, internal flow passages, and various components of fluid power systems or fuel systems of diesel engines. It can also be used to compare erosion produced by different liquids under the conditions simulated by the test. Its general applications are similar to those of Test Method G32.  
5.2 In this test method cavitation is generated in a flowing system. Both the velocity of flow which causes the formation of cavities and the chamber pressure in which they collapse can be changed easily and independently, so it is possible to study the effects of various parameters separately. Cavitation conditions can be controlled easily and precisely. Furthermore, if tests are performed at constant cavitation number (σ), it is possible, by suitably altering the pressures, to accelerate or slow down the testing process (see 11.2 and Fig. A2.2).  
5.3 This test method with standard conditions should not be used to rank materials for applications where electrochemical corrosion or solid particle impingement plays a major role. However, it could be adapted to evaluate erosion-corrosion effects if the appropriate liquid and cavitation number, for the service conditions of interest, are used (see 11.1).  
5.4 For metallic materials, this test method could also be used as a screening test for applications subjected to high-speed liquid drop impingement, if the use of Practice G73 is not feasible. However, this is not recommended for elastomeric coatings, composites, or other nonmetallic aerospace materials.  
5.5 The mechanisms of cavitation erosion and liquid impingement erosion are not fully understood and may vary, depending on the detailed nature, scale, and intensity of the liquid/solid interaction...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a test that can be used to compare the cavitation erosion resistance of solid materials. A submerged cavitating jet, issuing from a nozzle, impinges on a test specimen placed in its path so that cavities collapse on it, thereby causing erosion. The test is carried out under specified conditions in a specified liquid, usually water. This test method can also be used to compare the cavitation erosion capability of various liquids.  
1.2 This test method specifies the nozzle and nozzle holder shape and size, the specimen size and its method of mounting, and the minimum test chamber size. Procedures are described for selecting the standoff distance and one of several standard test conditions. Deviation from some of these conditions is permitted where appropriate and if properly documented. Guidance is given on setting up a suitable apparatus, test and reporting procedures, and the precautions to be taken. Standard reference materials are specified; these must be used to verify the operation of the facility and to define the normalized erosion resistance of other materials.  
1.3 Two types of tests are encompassed, one using test liquids which can be run to waste, for example, tap water, and the other using liquids which must be recirculated, for example, reagent water or various oils. Slightly different test circuits are required for each type.  
1.4 This test method provides an alternative to Test Method G32. In that method, cavitation is induced by vibrating a submerged specimen at high frequency (20 kHz) with a specified amplitude. In the present method, cavitation is generated in a flowing system so that both the jet velocity and the downstream pressure (which causes the bubble collapse) can be varied independently.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to addres...

  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G133-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to simulate the geometry and motions that are experienced in many types of rubbing components whose normal operation results in periodic reversals in the direction of relative sliding. The wear resulting from this mode of movement may differ from that experienced by the same materials sliding continuously in only one direction (unidirectional sliding, for example, using Test Method G99) even for comparable durations of contact. This is particularly true for liquid-lubricated tests where the reversal of motion means that the entrainment velocity transitions through zero but also in unlubricated tests in which stress reversal occurs. The normal load(s) and sliding speed(s) to be used during testing are to be determined by the severity of the proposed application or purpose of the testing. Either of two sets of testing conditions (designated Procedures A and B) may be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the sliding wear of ceramics, metals, and other candidate wear-resistant materials using a linear, reciprocating ball-on-flat plane geometry. The direction of the relative motion between sliding surfaces reverses in a periodic fashion such that the sliding occurs back and forth and in a straight line. The principal quantities of interest are the wear volumes of the contacting ball and flat specimen materials; however, the coefficient of kinetic friction may also be measured using the method described. This test method encompasses both unlubricated and lubricated testing procedures. The scope of this test method does not include testing in corrosive or chemically aggressive environments or extremes of temperature and humidity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G195-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test guide provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of material surfaces, and may be related to end-use performance, or used to comparatively rank material performance, or both. The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation of predicted life from specific abrasion data.  
5.2 The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions; type of abradant; pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting or tension of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishing materials.  
5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during the course of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to the pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abrading wheels should be resurfaced at regularly defined intervals. See Appendix X2.  
5.4 When evaluating resistance to abrasion of two or more coatings, other factors may need to be considered for an accurate comparison. Flexible coatings that include air entrainment bubbles may result in less mass loss. Coatings that include fillers may result in greater mass loss but have less change in coating thickness or less mass loss but have greater change in coating thickness. Coatings that include aggregates or particulates may generate wear debris that is not removed by the vacuum and contribute to the break-down of the coating. Coatings that have a hardness value greater than the abrasive wheel may cause the abrasive wheel to break down faster and require more wear cycles to generate measureable wear. Examples of coatings that may be...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establishing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexible materials utilizing the rotary platform abraser.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Non-SI units are used when stating rotational speed.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G73-10(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Erosion Environments—This test method may be used for evaluating the erosion resistance of materials for service environments where solid surfaces are subjected to repeated impacts by liquid drops or jets. Occasionally, liquid impact tests have also been used to evaluate materials exposed to a cavitating liquid environment. The test method is not intended nor applicable for evaluating or predicting the resistance of materials against erosion due to solid particle impingement, due to “impingement corrosion” in bubbly flows, due to liquids or slurries “washing” over a surface, or due to continuous high-velocity liquid jets aimed at a surface. For background on various forms of erosion and erosion tests, see Refs (1) through (2).4 Ref (3) is an excellent comprehensive treatise.  
5.2 Discussion of Erosion Resistance—Liquid impingement erosion and cavitation erosion are, broadly speaking, similar processes and the relative resistance of materials to them is similar. In both, the damage is associated with repeated, small-scale, high-intensity pressure pulses acting on the solid surface. The precise failure mechanisms in the solid have been shown to differ depending on the material, and on the detailed nature, scale, and intensity of the fluid-solid interactions (Note 1). Thus, “erosion resistance” should not be regarded as one precisely-definable property of a material, but rather as a complex of properties whose relative importance may differ depending on the variables just mentioned. (It has not yet been possible to successfully correlate erosion resistance with any independently measurable material property.) For these reasons, the consistency between relative erosion resistance as measured in different facilities or under different conditions is not very good. Differences between two materials of say 20 % or less are probably not significant: another test might well show them ranked in reverse order. For bulk materials such as metals and structural plastics, the...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers tests in which solid specimens are eroded or otherwise damaged by repeated discrete impacts of liquid drops or jets. Among the collateral forms of damage considered are degradation of optical properties of window materials, and penetration, separation, or destruction of coatings. The objective of the tests may be to determine the resistance to erosion or other damage of the materials or coatings under test, or to investigate the damage mechanisms and the effect of test variables. Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected service environment, the specification of a standard apparatus is not deemed practicable. This test method gives guidance in setting up a test, and specifies test and analysis procedures and reporting requirements that can be followed even with quite widely differing materials, test facilities, and test conditions. It also provides a standardized scale of erosion resistance numbers applicable to metals and other structural materials. It serves, to some degree, as a tutorial on liquid impingement erosion.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    19 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G211-14(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Conducting Elevated Temperature Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of this test method in any overall measurements program to assess the erosion behavior of materials will depend on many factors concerning the conditions of service applications. The users of this test method should determine the degree of correlation of the results obtained with those from field performance or results using other test systems and methods. This test method may be used to rank the erosion resistance of materials under the specified conditions of testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is concerned with the determination of material loss by gas-entrained solid particle impingement erosion with jet nozzle type erosion equipment. This test method can be used in the laboratory to measure the solid particle erosion of different materials and has been used as a screening test for ranking solid particle erosion rates of materials in simulated service environments. Erosion service takes place under conditions where particle sizes, chemistry, microstructure, velocity, attack angles, temperature, environments, etc., vary over a wide range. Hence, any single laboratory test may not be sufficient to evaluate expected service performance. This test method describes one well characterized procedure for solid particle impingement erosion measurement for which interlaboratory test results are available from multiple laboratories.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    15 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G132-96(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pin Abrasion Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The amount of wear in any system will, in general, depend upon a number of system factors such as the applied load, machine characteristics, sliding speed, sliding distance, the environment, and material properties. The primary value of this wear test method lies in predicting the relative ranking of materials. This test method imposes conditions that cause measurable mass losses and it is intended to rank materials for applications in which moderate to severe abrasion occurs. Test materials should be reasonably resistant to such abrasion. Since this abrasion test does not attempt to duplicate all of the conditions that may be experienced in service (for example, abrasive particle size, shape, hardness, speed, load, and presence of a corrosive environment), there is no assurance that this test method will predict the wear rate of a given material under conditions differing from those in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the wear resistance of a material when relative motion is caused between an abrasive cloth, paper, or plastic film and a contacting pin of the test material. The principal factors and conditions requiring attention when using this type of apparatus to measure wear are discussed.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G115-10(2018)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In this guide, factors that shall be considered in conducting a valid test for the determination of the coefficient of friction of a tribosystem are covered, and the use of a standard reporting format for friction data is encouraged.  
5.2 The factors that are important for a valid test may not be obvious to non-tribologists, and the friction tests referenced will assist in selecting the apparatus and test technique that is most appropriate to simulate a tribosystem of interest.  
5.3 The tribology literature is replete with friction data that cannot readily be used by others because specifics are not presented on the tribosystem that was used to develop the data. The overall goal of this guide is to provide a reporting format that will enable computer databases to be readily established. These databases can be searched for material couples and tribosystems of interest. Their use will significantly reduce the need for each laboratory to do its own testing. Sufficient information on test conditions will be available to determine applicability of the friction data to the engineer's specific needs.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information to assist in the selection of a method for measuring the frictional properties of materials. Requirements for minimum data and a format for presenting these data are suggested. The use of the suggested reporting form will increase the long-term usefulness of the test results within a given laboratory and will facilitate the exchange of test results between laboratories. It is hoped that the use of a uniform reporting format will provide the basis for the preparation of handbooks and computerized databases.  
1.2 This guide applies to most solid materials and to most friction measuring techniques and test equipment.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G137-97(2017)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastic Materials to Sliding Wear Using a Block-On-Ring Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific wear rates determined by this test method can be used as a guide in ranking the wear resistance of plastic materials. The specific wear rate is not a material property and will therefore differ with test conditions and test geometries. The significance of this test will depend on the relative similarity to the actual service conditions.  
5.2 This test method seeks only to describe the general test procedure and the procedure for calculating and reporting data.
Note 2: This test configuration allows steady state specific wear rates to be achieved very quickly through the use of high loads and speeds. The thrust washer configuration described in Test Method D3702 does not allow for the use of such high speeds and loads because of possible overheating (which may cause degradation or melting, or both) of the specimen. Despite the differences in testing configurations, a good correlation in the ranking of wear resistance is achieved between the two tests (Table X2.1).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure to measure the resistance of plastic materials under dry sliding conditions. The test utilizes a block-on-ring geometry to rank materials according to their sliding wear characteristics under various conditions.  
1.2 The test specimens are small so that they can be molded or cut from fabricated plastic parts. The test may be run at the load, velocity, and temperature which simulate the service condition.  
1.3 Wear test results are reported as specific wear rates calculated from volume loss, sliding distance, and load. Materials with superior wear resistance have lower specific wear rates.  
1.4 This test method allows the use of both single- and multi-station apparatus to determine the specific wear rates.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G176-03(2017)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastics to Sliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear Test—Cumulative Wear Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of this test method in any overall measurement program directed toward a service application will depend on the relative match of test conditions to the conditions of the service application.  
5.2 This test method prescribes the test procedure and method of calculating and reporting data for determining the sliding wear resistance of plastics, using cumulative volume loss.  
5.3 The intended use of this test is for coarse screening of plastics in terms of their resistance to sliding wear.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the resistance of plastics to sliding wear. The test utilizes a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine to rank plastics according to their sliding wear characteristics against metals or other solids.  
1.2 An important attribute of this test is that it is very flexible. Any material that can be fabricated into, or applied to, blocks and rings can be tested. Thus, the potential materials combinations are endless. In addition, the test can be run with different gaseous atmospheres and elevated temperatures, as desired, to simulate service conditions.  
1.3 Wear test results are reported as the volume loss in cubic millimetres for the block and ring. Materials of higher wear resistance will have lower volume loss.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1049-85(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Cycle counting is used to summarize (often lengthy) irregular load-versus-time histories by providing the number of times cycles of various sizes occur. The definition of a cycle varies with the method of cycle counting. These practices cover the procedures used to obtain cycle counts by various methods, including level-crossing counting, peak counting, simple-range counting, range-pair counting, and rainflow counting. Cycle counts can be made for time histories of force, stress, strain, torque, acceleration, deflection, or other loading parameters of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are a compilation of acceptable procedures for cycle-counting methods employed in fatigue analysis. This standard does not intend to recommend a particular method.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off