ASTM E1422-05

Standard Guide for Test Methods for Forensic Writing Ink Comparison (Withdrawn 2014)

SCOPE
1.1 This Guide is intended to assist forensic examiners comparing writing or marking inks. Included in this analysis scheme are the necessary tools and techniques available to reach conclusions as to the common or different origin of two samples of ink.
1.2 Identifying ink formulas as to their manufacturer or time of manufacture as well as performing ink dating examinations are beyond the scope of this guide.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide is intended to assist forensic examiners comparing writing or marking inks.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2014 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 12-Jan-2014
• ICS: 07.140 - Forensic science
• ICS: 87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
• Technical Committee: E30 - Forensic Sciences
• Drafting Committee: E30.90 - Executive

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1422-01 - Standard Guide for Test Methods for Forensic Writing Ink Comparison
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1422 − 05
StandardGuide for
1
Test Methods for Forensic Writing Ink Comparison
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thisguideisintendedtobeageneralguideforforensicinkexaminations,bothfortheexperienced
document examiner (Guide E444) and for forensic ink comparison specialists. The aim is to include
those techniques that will provide the most information about an ink with the least damage to the
document. Therefore, this guide refers to well-reported and thoroughly tested techniques currently in
use by document examiners in general practice and dedicated forensic ink comparison facilities.
By following the procedures outlined here, an examiner can accurately discriminate ink formulas
and reduce the possibility of false matches of ink samples from different sources or incorrect
differentiation of ink samples with a common origin.
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1. Scope 2.2 NIST Standards:
NBSStandardSampleNo.2106 ISCC-NBS Centroid Color
1.1 This guide is intended to assist forensic examiners
Charts
comparing writing or marking inks. Included in this analysis
NBS Special Pub. 440 Color: Universal Language and
scheme are the necessary tools and techniques available to
Dictionary of Names
reach conclusions as to the common or different origin of two
samples of ink.
3. Terminology
1.2 Identifyinginkformulasastotheirmanufacturerortime
3.1 Definitions:
of manufacture as well as performing ink dating examinations
3.1.1 batch to batch variation—within an ink formulation,
are beyond the scope of this guide.
difference in the concentration of a component of an ink
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
formuladuetodeviationsduringproductionthatarewithinthe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
manufacturer’s tolerance limit.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 chromatography—a method of separating substances
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that is widely used in analytical and preparative chemistry. It
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
involves the flow of a liquid or gas mobile phase over a solid
or liquid stationary phase. As the mobile phase flows past the
2. Referenced Documents
stationaryphase,asolutewillundergorepeatedadsorptionand
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desorption and move along at a rate depending, among other
2.1 ASTM Standards:
factors, on its ratio of distribution between two phases. If their
D1535PracticeforSpecifyingColorbytheMunsellSystem
distribution ratios are sufficiently different, components of a
E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
mixture will migrate at different rates and produce a charac-
E284Terminology of Appearance
teristic pattern (chromatogram).
E444Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic Document
Examiners
3.1.3 fluorescence—a process by which radiant flux of
certainwavelengthsisabsorbedandreradiatednonthermallyat
other, usually longer, wavelengths. (E284)
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
3.1.4 infrared (IR)—referring to radiant flux having wave-
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.90 on Executive.
lengths longer than the wavelengths of light, usually wave-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005 Published January 2006. Originally
lengths from about 760 nm to about 3 mm. (E284)
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E1422–01. DOI:
10.1520/E1422-05.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standard
the ASTM website. Reference Materials, R. B311, Chemistry Building, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1422 − 05
3.1.5 light—electromagnetic radiant energy that is visually product. These ingredients are colorants (dyes and pigments)
detectable by the normal human observer, radiant energy and vehicle components (volatile solvents, resins, etc.).
having wavelengths from about 380 nm to about 780 nm.
3.2.6 match between ink samples—the inability to distin-
(E284)
guish between ink samples at a given level of analysis.
3.1.6 luminescence—theemissionofradiantenergyduringa
3.2.7 non-ballpoint pen ink—writing or marking media
transitionfro
...