ASTM D5298-10

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Soil suction is a measure of the free energy of the pore-water in a soil. Soil suction in practical terms is a measure of the affinity of soil to retain water and can provide information on soil parameters that are influenced by the soil water; for example, volume change, deformation, and strength characteristics of the soil.
Soil suction is related with soil water content through water retention characteristic curves (see Test Methods D6836). Soil water content may be found from Test Method D2216.
Measurements of soil suction may be used with other soil and environmental parameters to evaluate hydrologic processes (1) and to evaluate the potential for heave or shrinkage, shear strength, modulus, in situ stress and hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.
The filter paper method of evaluating suction is simple and economical with a range from 10 to 100 000 kPa (0.1 to 1000 bars).
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory filter papers as passive sensors to evaluate the soil matric (matrix) and total potential (suction), a measure of the free energy of the pore-water or tension stress exerted on the pore-water by the soil matrix (1, 2). The term potential or suction is descriptive of the energy status of soil water.
1.2 This test method controls the variables for measurement of the water content of filter paper that is in direct contact with soil or in equilibrium with the partial pressure of water vapor in the air of an airtight container enclosing a soil specimen. The filter paper is enclosed with a soil specimen in the airtight container until moisture equilibrium is established; that is, the partial pressure of water vapor in the air is in equilibrium with the vapor pressure of pore-water in the soil specimen.
1.3 This test method provides a procedure for calibrating different types of filter paper for use in evaluating soil matric and total potential.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2010
• ICS: 13.080.05 - Examination of soils in general
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.04 - Hydrologic Properties and Hydraulic Barriers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5298-03 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM D5298-16 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5298 − 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This test method covers laboratory filter papers as
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
passive sensors to evaluate the soil matric (matrix) and total
tivity of Water
potential (suction), a measure of the free energy of the
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
pore-water or tension stress exerted on the pore-water by the
2 (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
soil matrix (1, 2). The term potential or suction is descriptive
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
of the energy status of soil water.
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.2 This test method controls the variables for measurement
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
of the water content of filter paper that is in direct contact with
D4542 Test Method for Pore Water Extraction and Determi-
soil or in equilibrium with the partial pressure of water vapor
nation of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refracto-
intheairofanairtightcontainerenclosingasoilspecimen.The
meter
filter paper is enclosed with a soil specimen in the airtight
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
container until moisture equilibrium is established; that is, the
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
partial pressure of water vapor in the air is in equilibrium with
Construction Materials Testing
the vapor pressure of pore-water in the soil specimen.
D6836 Test Methods for Determination of the Soil Water
1.3 This test method provides a procedure for calibrating Characteristic Curve for Desorption Using Hanging
Column, Pressure Extractor, Chilled Mirror Hygrometer,
different types of filter paper for use in evaluating soil matric
and total potential. or Centrifuge
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
approximate.
peratures)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tance Thermometers
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Definitions:
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
3.1.1 For common definitions of technical terms in this
Cement
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 atmosphere—a unit of pressure equal to 76 cm Mer-
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
cury or 101 kPa at 0 °C.
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic
Properties and Hydraulic Barriers.
3.2.2 matric (matrix) suction, hm (kPa)—the negative pres-
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally
sure (expressed as a positive value), relative to ambient
approved in 1992. Discontinued December 2002 and reinstated as D5298–03. Last
atmospheric pressure on the soil water, to which a solution
previous edition approved in 2003 as D5298–03. DOI: 10.1520/D5298-10.
2
identical in composition with the soil water must be subjected
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard.
in order to be in equilibrium through a porous permeable wall
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
with the soil water; pressure equivalent to that measured by
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Test Methods D6836. Matric suction is a function of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. relativehumidityduetothedifferenceinairandwaterpressure
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5298–03 Designation:D5298–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers laboratory filter papers as passive sensors to evaluate the soil matric (matrix) and total potential
2
(suction), a measure of the free energy of the pore-water or tension stress exerted on the pore-water by the soil matrix (1, 2). .
The term potential or suction is descriptive of the energy status of soil water.
1.2 This test method controls the variables for measurement of the water content of filter paper that is in direct contact with soil
or in equilibrium with the partial pressure of water vapor in the air of an airtight container enclosing a soil specimen. The filter
paper is enclosed with a soil specimen in the airtight container until moisture equilibrium is established; that is, the partial pressure
of water vapor in the air is in equilibrium with the vapor pressure of pore-water in the soil specimen.
1.3 This test method provides a procedure for calibrating different types of filter paper for use in evaluating soil matric and total
potential.
1.4 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Theinch-poundsunitsgiveninparenthesesareapproximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
4
D2325Test Method for Capillary-Moisture Relationships for Coarse- and Medium-Textured Soils by Porous-Plate Apparatus
4
D3152Test Method for Capillary-Moisture Relationships for Fine-Textured Soils by Pressure-Membrane Apparatus
3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4542 Test Method for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6836 TestMethodsforDeterminationoftheSoilWaterCharacteristicCurveforDesorptionUsingHangingColumn,Pressure
Extractor, Chilled Mirror Hygrometer, or Centrifuge
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic Properties.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originally approvd in 1992. Discontinued December 2002 and reinstated as D5298–03. DOI:
10.1520/D5298-03.on Hydrologic Properties and Hydraulic Barriers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally approved in 1992. Discontinued December 2002 and reinstated as D5298–03. Last previous
edition approved in 2003 as D5298–03. DOI: 10.1520/D5298-10.
2
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the text.this standard.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
, Vol 04.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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