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ASTM F1899-98(2003)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Food Waste Pulper Without Waterpress Assembly

Standard Specification for Food Waste Pulper Without Waterpress Assembly

ABSTRACT
This specification covers pulper assemblies intended for grinding of food scraps and limited amounts of cardboard, paper, and disposable plastic food service wear. Pulper assemblies shall be of the following types: Type A and Type B. Lubricating points shall be readily accessible, and the pulper shall be lubricated with the proper amount of lubricant prior to delivery. All surfaces of the machine, other than corrosion-resistant materials, shall be protected against corrosion in the use environment and shall present a neat appearance. Test method shall be performed to demonstrate the ability of the unit to meet the capacity requirements and to insure that there is no leakage during operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pulper assemblies intended for grinding of food scraps and limited amounts of cardboard, paper, and disposable plastic food service wear.
1.2 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 13, of this specification:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if, any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2003
ICS
13.030.40 - Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment
Technical Committee
F26 - Food Service Equipment
Drafting Committee
F26.01 - Cleaning and Sanitation Equipment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1899-98 - Standard Specification for Food Waste Pulper Without Waterpress Assembly
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Replaced By
ASTM F1899-98(2008)e1 - Standard Specification for Food Waste Pulper Without Waterpress Assembly
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008

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ASTM F1899-98(2003) - Standard Specification for Food Waste Pulper Without Waterpress AssemblyASTM F1899-98(2003) - Standard Specification for Food Waste Pulper Without Waterpress Assembly
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ASTM F1899-98(2003) - Standard Specification for Food Waste Pulper Without Waterpress Assembly
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 1899 – 98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Specification for
1
Food Waste Pulper Without Waterpress Assembly
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1899; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope Carbon Steel, Improved Transition Properties
A 505 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Alloy, Hot-
1.1 This specification covers pulper assemblies intended for
Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
grinding of food scraps and limited amounts of cardboard,
A 513 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon
paper, and disposable plastic food service wear.
and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing
1.2 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be
A 519 Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel
regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are
Mechanical Tubing
provided for information only.
A 532/A 532M Specification for Abrasion-Resistant Cast
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Irons
test method portion, Section 13, of this specification:
A 554 Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Tubing
safety concerns, if, any, associated with its use. It is the
A 582/A 582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
A 681 Specification for Tools Steel Alloy
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
B43 Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard
2. Referenced Documents Sizes
2
B75 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2000 Classification System for Rubber Products inAuto-
A 6/A 6M Specification for General Requirements for
motive Applications
Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet
D 2287 Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer
Piling
and Copolymer Molding and Extrusion Compounds
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and
D 3915 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Require-
(PVC) and Chlorinated Ploy (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
ments for
Compounds for Plastic Pipe and Fittings Used in Pressure
A 120 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped
Applications
Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded and Seamless for Ordi-
3
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
nary Uses
E 674 Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate and
A 126 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves,
Screens (Round Opening Series)
Flanges, and Pipe Fittings
F 104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate-
A 167 Specification for Stainless Steel and Heat-Resisting
rials
Chromium/Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip
F 437 Specification for Threaded Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl
A 269 Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
F 439 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
A 276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
(CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
A 436 Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings
F 441/F 441M Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl
A 442/A 442M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80
F 443 Specification for Bell-End Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl
1
3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on Food
Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe, Schedule 40
Service Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.01 on
F 760 Specification for Food Service Equipment Manuals
Cleaning and Sanitation Equipment.
4
2.2 UL Standards:
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 1899 – 98. UL 430 Waste Disposers
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333
3
Withdrawn. Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F 1899 – 98 (2003)
UL 508 Electrical Industrial Control Equipment defects, which would adversely effect the performance or
5
2.3 NFPA Standard: maintainability of individual components o
...

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ASTM F1150-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Commercial Food Waste Pulper and Waterpress Assembly

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the material, design, and performance requirements pertinent to the construction of commercial pulping and waterpress assemblies that are intended for grinding food scraps, paper, cardboard, and disposable plastic food-service ware. Unless otherwise specified, materials used to fabricate pulpers and waterpresses may include corrosion-resistant steel and other corrosion-resisting materials, abrasion-resistant cast iron, austenitic gray iron, copper tube, brass pipe, alloy steel, black and galvanized pipe, gaskets and seals, perforated metal, stainless steel pipe, plastic piping and fitting, and austenitic gray iron pipe fitting. Assembled pulpers and waterpresses shall meet operational, electrical, lubrication, finish, and performance requirements, and should function satisfactorily as specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers commercial pulping and waterpress assemblies intended for grinding of food scraps, paper, cardboard, and disposable plastic food-service ware.  
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1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 13, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F917-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Commercial Food Waste Disposers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers commercial food waste disposers intended for the grinding of food waste. Commercial disposers shall be of two types, namely: Type and Type II. The materials shall conform to the specified requirements and include the following: corrosion resistant steel, aluminum alloy, abrasion-resistant cast iron, austenitic gray iron, copper tube, brass pipe, alloy steel, black and galvanized pipe, and gaskets and seals. The disposer construction requirements including requirements for the following are detailed: (1) valves and fittings, (2) hopper (upper housing), (3) grind chamber (lower housing), (4) shredded ring, (5) flywheel, (6) cutting teeth, (7) water seal, (8) bearings, (9) motor, (10) wiring and circuit protective devices, (11) support leg(s), and (12) plating, coating, and painting. Leakage and operations test shall be performed.
SCOPE
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ASTM D4793-09(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.  
4.2 This test method is not intended to provide extracts that are representative of the actual leachate produced from a waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.  
4.3 This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.  
4.4 An intent of this test method is that the final pH of each of the extracts reflects the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the waste.  
4.5 An intent of this test method is that the water extractions reflect conditions where the waste is the dominant factor in determining the pH of the extracts.  
4.6 This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions are taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.  
4.7 This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the waste. This test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances, volatile matter (see Note 3 in 5.15), or biologically active samples.  
4.8 The agitation technique, rate, liquid-to-solid ratio, and filtration conditions specified in the procedure may not be suitable for extracting all types of wastes (see Sections 7, 8, and the discussion in Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a procedure for the sequential leaching of a waste containing at least five percent solids to generate solutions to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.  
1.2 This test method calls for the shaking of a known weight of waste with water of a specified purity and the separation of the aqueous phase for analysis. The procedure is conducted ten times in sequence on the same sample of waste and generates ten aqueous solutions.  
1.3 This test method is intended to describe the procedure for performing sequential batch extractions only. It does not describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7204-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Waste Streams on Conveyors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice can be used in sampling ash from a kiln or incinerator, soils, and process waste from conveying systems, such as a conveyer and vertical lifts. Some slurries, such as the bottom solids, can be sampled from the quench waters at the end of a kiln.  
4.2 This practice can be used to determine material balances for burner efficiency studies and compliance studies.  
4.3 This practice can be used on lifts, sloping, and horizontal conveyor systems. The type of conveyor and the amount and type of sample required will dictate the type of sampling equipment required to get a representative sample.  
4.4 The sample is taken directly from the conveyor before emptying into the waste container or pile for disposal or recycling using a scoop, dipper, or shovel depending upon the sample requirements (see Practice D5633). The sample is then put into the sample container for analysis.  
4.5 The place, quantity, frequency, and time of sampling is dependent upon the conveying system equipment, data quality objectives (DQOs) (Practice D5792), work or sampling plan (see Practice D5283 and Guide D4687), and analysis to be run.  
4.5.1 Large particles can be mechanically excluded on a belt system. Large particles may accumulate at the bottom of an inclined/sloped belt system. Therefore, steps, if possible, need to be taken so that particles of all sizes have equal chances of being sampled.  
4.5.2 The number of samples and sample time is dependent upon the system, the precision required, the decisions that are to be made, the cost, and the degree of heterogeneity of the material (see Guides D5956 and D6311).  
4.5.3 In general, the ideal sampling location is nearest to the point of generation since temperature, oxidation, and air movement may change some samples with time.  
4.6 The practice does not address issues related to the heterogeneity of the sample.
SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to generate an extract with a concentration of the target analyte(s) representative of the expected release under the scenario simulated, and which can be compared with concentration levels acceptable in waste disposal, treatment, or production activities.  
5.2 The extraction conditions of the test method were chosen to simulate a potential disposal scenario to which the wastes may be exposed.  
5.3 One intent of this test method is that the amount of acid in the extraction fluids reflects the acid available from the leachate of a specific landfill where municipal and industrial wastes were co-disposed.6  
5.4 One intent of this test method is to not allow the pH of the extraction fluid to be lower than that of the leachate of a specific landfill where municipal and industrial wastes were co-disposed. Therefore, the pH of the extraction fluid was chosen with the following considerations:
(1) Not to be less than 4.93 ± 0.05 for the extraction of wastes with an acid neutralization capacity of less than the acid available in the total volume of extraction fluid used in the method (Extraction Fluid No. 1).
(2) At 2.88 ± 0.05, as defined by the pH of the acid, for the extraction of wastes with an acid neutralization capacity of more than the acid available in the extraction fluid used in the method (Extraction Fluid No. 2).  
5.5 The interpretation and use of the results of this test method are limited by the assumptions of a single co-disposal scenario and by the factors affecting the composition of a landfill leachate and chemical or other differences between a selected extraction fluid and the real landfill leachate.  
5.6 This test method may be affected by biological changes in the waste, and it is not designed to isolate or measure the effect of such processes.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the extraction of samples of treated or untreated solid wastes or sludges, or solidified waste samples, to provide an indication of the leaching potential.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide an extract for measurement of the concentration of the analytes of concern. The measured values may be compared against set or chosen acceptance levels in some applications.  
1.3 If the sole application of the test method is such a pass/fail comparison and a total analysis of the waste demonstrates that individual analytes are not present in the waste, or that the chosen acceptance concentration levels could not possibly be exceeded, the test method need not be run.  
1.4 If the sole application of the test method is such a pass/fail comparison and an analysis of any one of the liquid fractions of the extract indicates that the concentration of the target analyte is so high that, even after accounting for dilution from the other fractions of the extract, it would be equal to or above an acceptance concentration level, then the waste fails the test. In such a case it may not be necessary to analyze the remaining fractions of the extract.  
1.5 This test method is intended to provide an extract suitable for the measurement of the concentration of analytes that will not volatilize under the conditions of the test method.  
1.6 Presence of volatile analytes may be established if an analysis of the extract obtained using this test method detects the target volatile analyte. If its concentration is equal to or exceeds an acceptance level for that analyte, the waste fails the test. However, extract from this test method shall not be used to determine the concentration of volatile organic analytes.  
1.7 This test method is intended to describe only the procedure for performing a batch extraction. It does not describe all of the sampling and analytical requirements that may be associate...

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Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.  
4.2 The pH of the extraction fluid used in this test method is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation in the geographic region in which the waste being tested is to be disposed.
Note 1: Possible sources of information concerning the pH of precipitation in the geographic region of interest include state and federal environmental agencies, state universities, libraries, etc.  
Note 2: For sequential batch extraction of waste using a nonacidic extraction fluid, see Test Method D4793.  
4.3 An intent of this test method is for the final pH of each of the extracts to reflect the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the waste.  
4.4 This test method is not intended to provide extracts that are representative of the actual leachate produced from a waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.  
4.5 This test method has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.  
4.6 This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both major and minor (trace) constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions be taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.  
4.7 This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the waste. This test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances, volatile matter (see Note 5), or biologically active samples.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for the sequential leaching of a waste containing at least 5 % dry solids in order to generate solutions to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.  
1.2 This test method calls for the shaking of a known weight of waste with acidic extraction fluid of a specified composition as well as the separation of the liquid phase for analysis. The pH of the extraction fluid is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation in the geographic region in which the waste being tested is to be disposed. The procedure is conducted ten times in sequence on the same sample of waste, and it generates ten solutions.  
1.3 This test method is intended to describe the procedure for performing sequential batch extractions only. It does not describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E889-82(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is used to document the ability of solid waste resource recovery separators to concentrate or classify a particular component (or components) present in solid waste.  
5.2 The purity determined in this way is used to calculate the recovery achieved by a separator as another measure of its performance, according to Test Method E1108.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the composition of a materials stream in a solid waste resource recovery processing facility. The composition is determined with respect to one or more defined components. The results are used for determining the purity resulting from the operation of one or more separators, and in conjunction with Test Method E1108 used to measure the efficiency of a materials separation device.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6523-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation and Selection of Alternative Daily Covers (ADCs) for Sanitary Landfills

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides information which the regulator/permit officials, engineers, waste disposal operators, and others will find helpful to (1) understand and distinguish between the many choices available, (2) understand the performance feature considerations for living up to EPA regulations for landfill daily covers, and (3) understand the various requirements and differences for putting these covers into practice at landfills.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist specifiers and end users in assessing the different options available for sanitary landfill daily cover materials described as alternative (non-soil) daily covers (ADCs). Traditional daily cover consists of at least 6 in. (15 cm) of soil spread over the working faces of sanitary landfills. Alternative systems are attractive to landfill operations in order to conserve landfill disposal space, among other reasons.  
1.2 This guide assists in understanding different performance features of broad classifications of ADCs, and determining the extent and degree to which different ADCs are able to “control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging, without presenting a threat to human health and the environment,” as intended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulations.  
1.3 This guide is not intended to provide cost information regarding the various ADCs. As a standard guide, it does not dictate a protocol for the practice and testing of ADCs, but rather provides valuable information, guidance, and recommendations to interested parties concerning the many options available.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—Metric units are used in 6.2.9.2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2060-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 General—CCPs can have chemical and mineralogical compositions that are conducive to use in the chemical stabilization of trace elements in wastes and wastewater. These elements include, but are not limited to, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. Chemical stabilization may be accompanied by solidification of the waste treated. Solidification is not a requirement for the stabilization of many trace elements, but does offer advantages in waste handling and in reduced permeability of the stabilized waste. This guide addresses the use of CCPs as a stabilizing agent with or without addition of other materials.  
Note 1: In the United States, S/S is considered the BDAT for the disposal of some wastes that contain metals since they cannot be destroyed by other means (2).  
4.1.1 Advantages of Using CCPs—Advantages of using CCPs for waste stabilization include their availability in high volumes, and generally good product consistency from a single source. In addition, in some instances certain CCPs can partly or entirely replace other expensive stabilization materials such as Portland cement. CCPs vary depending on the combustion or emission control process and the coal or sorbents used, or both, and CCPs contain trace elements, although usually at very low concentrations. CCPs are generally an environmentally suitable materials option for waste stabilization, but the compatibility of a specific CCP must be evaluated with individual wastes or wastewater through laboratory-scale tests followed by full-scale demonstration and verification. CCPs suitable for the chemical stabilization have the ability to incorporate large amounts of free water via hydration reactions. These same hydration reactions frequently result in the formation of mineral phases that stabilize or chemically immobilize the trace elements of concern. CCPs that exhibit high pHs (>11.5) offer advantages in stabilizing trace elements t...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for selection and application of coal combustion products (CCPs) for use in the chemical stabilization of trace elements in wastes and wastewater. These elements include, but are not limited to, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. Chemical stabilization may be accompanied by solidification of the waste treated. Solidification is not a requirement for the stabilization of many trace elements, but does offer advantages in waste handling and in reduced permeability of the stabilized waste.  
1.1.1 Solidification is an important factor in treatment of wastes and especially wastewaters. Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) technology is often used to treat wastes containing free liquids. This guide addresses the use of CCPs as a stabilizing agent (with or without the addition of other materials. Stabilization may be achieved by using combinations of CCPs and other products such as lime, lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, cement, and others. CCPs used alone or in combination with other reagents promote stabilization of many inorganic constituents through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include precipitation as hydrates, carbonates, silicates, sulfates, and so forth; microencapsulation of the waste particles through pozzolanic reactions; formation of metal precipitates; and formation of hydrated phases (1-4).2 Long-term performance of the stabilized waste is an issue that must be addressed in considering any S/S technology. In this guide, several tests are recommended to aid in evaluating the long-term performance of the stabilized wastes.  
1.2 The CCPs that are suited for this application include fly ash, dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) material, and and fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) ash.  
1.3 The wastes or wastewater, or both, containing the inorganic species may be highly variable, so the chemical characterist...

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off