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ASTM D6477-22

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics

Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.  
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
83.160.01 - Tyres in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D6477-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and FabricsASTM D6477-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
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ASTM D6477-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6477 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2970/D2970M Test Methods for Testing Tire Cords, Tire
Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Yarns Made From Glass
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions
Filaments
developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fab-
D4776/D4776M Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords
rics.
and Other Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire
H-Test Procedure
cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside
D4974/D4974M Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrink-
the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations
age of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
or in dictionaries of general usage.
D4975 Test Methods for Single-Filament Tire Bead Wire
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this termi- Made from Steel
D5591 Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn
nology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s
terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing and Cord With a Thermal Shrinkage Force Tester
D6320/D6320M Test Methods for Single Filament Hose
redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the
same concept are defined in different words. Reinforcing Wire Made from Steel
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics (Withdrawn 2022)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D6611 Test Method for Wet and Dry Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Resistance
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D7269/D7269M Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Yarns
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D7812 Test Method for Tensile Testing of Aramid Paper
D8054/D8054M Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-
2. Referenced Documents
Aramid Flat Yarns
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3. Terminology
D885/D885M Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord
abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a material by
Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manu-
rubbing against another surface. D6611
factured Organic-Base Fibers
D1871 Test Method for Adhesion Between Tire Bead Wire
adhesion, n—in tire fabrics, the force required to separate a
and Rubber
textile material from rubber or other elastomer by a definite
D2229 Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords
prescribed method. D1871, D2229, D4776/D4776M
and Rubber
adhesion, n—the property denoting the ability of a material to
D2692/D2692M Test Method for Air Permeability of Tire
resist delamination or separation into two or more layers.
Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns
D6477
D2969 Test Methods for Steel Tire Cords
adhesive treated tire cord, n—a tire cord whose adhesion to
rubber or other elastomer has been improved by the appli-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
cation of a dip followed by rapid drying and (normally)
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
additional heat treatment. D5591
Metallic Reinforcements.
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved
ɛ1
air wicking, n— in tires, the passage of air longitudinally along
in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6477–13 which was
withdrawn January 2022 and reinstated in June 2022. DOI: 10.1520/D6477-22.
or through yarns in a fabric that has been encased and cured
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6477 − 22
fabric is usually made wickproof to prevent air leaking from the inflated
in rubber or other elastomer, that is, air permeability in the
tire. D2692/D2692M
plane of the fabric. D2692/D2692M
cord, n—a twisted or formed structure composed of one or
apex angl
...

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ASTM D6477-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics

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1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.  
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4776/D4776M-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords and Other Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by H-Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D4776 for the determination of the H-test adhesion of reinforcing cords to rubber compounds may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of reinforcing cords but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 In cases of dispute arising from the differences in reported test results when using Test Method D4776 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method is used to measure the force required to extract the cord from a rubber compound test block.  
5.3 This test method is designed to test the adhesion of textiles that are bonded to rubber compounds. Variables that may contribute to differences in results of this test method include adhesive type, adhesive application procedure, adhesive cure, fiber type, construction of cords, rubber type, rubber cure, and rubber thickness.  
5.3.1 The deleterious effect of ozone in combination with atmospheric moisture on the ability of adhesives to bond with rubber requires assiduous protection of cords prior to embedment.  
5.4 The expec...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of adhesion of reinforcing cords that are bonded to rubber compounds. This test method is applicable to textile cord structures from both natural and manmade fibers, other than steel. For adhesion testing of steel tire cords, refer to Test Method D2229.  
1.2 This test method is primarily used to evaluate tire cords, using a suitable tire cord adhesive and a suitable rubber compound. This test method is also used to evaluate (1) tire cord adhesives, and (2) the process of adhesive reaction on the cord using one consistent form of tire cord and one consistent rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate cords in industrial hose and belting products and other cord reinforced rubber products.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6588/D6588M-11(2016)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Fatigue of Tire Cords (Disc Fatigue Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments in the absence of reliable information on between-laboratory precision.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two laboratories (or more), a comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from a material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of fatigue of tire cords in rubber due to compression or extension, or both, using a disc fatigue tester. The fatigue is measured as a loss in strength.  
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ASTM D2692/D2692M-15(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Tire Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of tire fabrics since this test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. This test method is also considered satisfactory for quality control.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of longitudinal air permeability for tire fabrics, tire cord fabrics, tire cords, or yarns embedded in cured rubber compound. This test method is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of fabric treatments intended to prevent air permeability. This test method is applicable to fabrics made from all types of fibers with all types of rubber compound.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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3.1 Tire testing operations usually consist of a sequence of tests that involve special “reference” tires in addition to the candidate tires being evaluated for their performance characteristics. Reference tires serve as an “internal benchmark” which may be used to adjust for variation in test results to give improved comparisons among the candidate tires. Numerous approaches have been adopted using different terminology for such testing. This causes confusion and the purpose of this practice is to standardize some of the elementary concepts and terminology on this topic.
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1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.  
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.  
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