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ASTM C483-95(2000)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Conductive Ceramic Tile (Withdrawn 2004)

Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Conductive Ceramic Tile (Withdrawn 2004)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the electrical resistance of conductive ceramic tile prior to installation.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the electrical resistance of conductive ceramic tile prior to installation.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products, this test method was withdrawn in May 2004. Test Method C 483 is being withdrawn with no replacement because it is no longer used or relevant to the industry.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-1999
Withdrawal Date
31-May-2004
ICS
91.100.25 - Terracotta building products
Technical Committee
C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Drafting Committee
C21.06 - Ceramic Tile
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM C483-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Conductive Ceramic Tile (Withdrawn 2004)ASTM C483-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Conductive Ceramic Tile (Withdrawn 2004)
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ASTM C483-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Conductive Ceramic Tile (Withdrawn 2004)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C483–95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
1
Electrical Resistance of Conductive Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 483; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope requirements to prevent the accumulation of dangerous elec-
trostatic charges which, in the presence of flammable gases,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elec-
may cause possible explosions through spark discharges. Such
trical resistance of conductive ceramic tile prior to installation.
electrical resistance requirements are specifically called for in
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
hospital operating rooms and for floors of other rooms where
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
4
flammable agents are stored or handled.
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6.1 Ohmmeter—A suitably calibrated d-c ohmmeter with a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nominal open-circuit output voltage of 500 V and a short-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
circuit current of 2.5 to 10 mA, having wire leads and alligator
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
clamps.
2. Referenced Documents 6.2 Electrodes—Two electrodes weighing 5.0 lb (2.2 kg)
each and having a dry, flat circular contact area 2.5 in. (63.5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mm) in diameter. The contact area shall comprise a surface of
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
2
aluminum or tin foil 0.0005 to 0.0010 in. (0.013 to 0.025 mm)
Products
thick, in electrical contact with the electrode and backed by a
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
3
layer of rubber 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) thick and having a hardness
Hardness
of 506 10 as determined with a Shore Type A durometer as
3. Terminology
described in Test Method D 2240.
6.3 Iron Filings, dryclean,reasonablyfreeofoxidation,and
3.1 Definitions:
approximately 50-mesh size (0.297-mm opening).
3.1.1 conductive ceramic tile—tile made from special body
6.4 Stainless Steel Plate, 16 gage (1.29 mm) or heavier and
compositions or by methods that result in specific properties of
15 by 15 in. (380 by 380 mm) in size.
electrical conductivity while retaining other normal physical
properties of ceramic tile.
7. Sampling
3.1.2 tile—for the definition of the term “tile”, refer to
7.1 Size of Sample—Sufficient individual conductive ce-
Terminology C 242.
ramic tile to cover a minimum area of 3 by 3 in. (76 by 76 mm)
4. Summary of Test Method shallconstituteasample.Ifmounted,allthetileforonesample
shall be taken from the same sheet.
4.1 This test method consists of measuring the electrical
7.2 Selection of Sample—One sample shall be taken from
resistance between an electrode resting upon the tile to be
2 2
each 200 ft (approximately 19 m ) of tile, but in no case shall
tested and a bed of iron filings on a stainless steel plate.
less than five samples be tested from a lot. In the case of
5. Significance and Use
patterns using a combination of conductive and nonconductive
tile, only the conductive tile shall be sampled.
5.1 This test method provides a means for determining
7.3 Preparation of Sample—The tile shall be dry and, if
whether conductive ceramic tile meets electrical resistance
previously mounted, shall be thoroughly cleaned to remove all
mounted material and adhesive. They shall then be dried at
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on
200°F (95°C) to constant weight and cooled to room tempera-
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of
ture before testing.
Subcommittee C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally
published as C 483 – 61 T. Last previous edition C 483 – 66 (1990).
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02. See the National Fire Protection Association Pamphlet No. 56, Ch. 25 (June
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. 1959).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C483
8. Procedure 8.2 Individual Tile—After the resistance range has been
determined on the group, remove the tile from the filings and
8.1 Group—Place two 1.0-in. (25.4-mm) wide and 0.0625-
test each tile individually in the same manner. Insulated side
in. (1.6-mm) thick metal strips parallel to each other on one
s
...

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5.3 Mixtures of several tile products are commonly installed on a surface, requiring a means to calculate LRV for a product mix. The rating obtained for an individual tile product can be used to calculate the LRV for a product mix using the following equation:
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5.5 Based on interlaboratory investigation,3 color difference ΔE  of plain-colored tile, if determined according to this test method, should give excellent reproducibility with a standard deviation of not more than σ = ±0.15 units....
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of Light Reflectance Value (LRV) and visually small color difference between pieces of glazed or unglazed ceramic tile, using any spectrophotometer that meets the requirements specified in the test method. LRV and the magnitude and direction of the color difference are expressed numerically, with sufficient accuracy for use in product specification.  
1.2 LRV may be measured for either solid-colored tile or tile having a multicolored, speckled, or textured surface. For tile that are not solid-colored, an average reading should be obtained from multiple measurements taken in a pattern representative of the overall sample as described in 9.2 of this test method. Small color difference between tiles should only be measured for solid-color tiles. Small color difference between tile that have a multicolored, speckled, or textured surface, are not valid.  
1.3 For solid colored tile, a comparison of the test specimen and reference specimen should be made under incandescent, fluorescent and daylight illuminant conditions. The use of multiple illuminants allows the color difference measurement to be made without the risk of wrongly accepting a match when the tiles being compared are metamers. (See 3.1.4.)  
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3.1 This test method is intended for testing ceramic tile that are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar residential, medical, and commercial installations, where they may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste substances and for tile in areas where they may be exposed to contact with strong cleaning agents.  
3.2 The specification of 10 % hydrochloric acid solution and 10 % potassium hydroxide solution as normal testing fluids, and the length of exposure time and temperature are based on experimental laboratory work and interlaboratory tests, where it was indicated that resistance to these two substances probably assures resistance also to any other acidic or alkaline substance coming in contact with tile, except hydrofluoric acid.  
3.3 The validity of using color difference as means of determining the degree to which tile surfaces are affected by acids and alkalies has been established by interlaboratory test and was found to be more reliable than the determination of loss of gloss, particularly for unglazed tile and mat or semimat glazed surfaces. Lack of coordination between instrumental value and visual effect was noted only in the case of minute surface changes, detectable only by oblique viewing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by prolonged exposure to chemical substances that are commonly used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other more severe conditions.  
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1.2.1 The units used for concentration in this standard are v/v which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution and g/L which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved in 1 L of water.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Tile

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There are several test methods available to measure the lead and cadmium release from dinnerware and cookware (see Test Methods C738 and C1034 and Specification C1035). These standards are used as a control to ensure the protection of the population against a possible health hazard.4 This potential hazard arises with improperly formulated, applied, fired glazes and decorations. This test method deals specifically with ceramic tile that are intended to come in contact with food during its preparation (for example, counter top tile).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from glazed ceramic tile that are intended for use in areas of food preparation. The procedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate the release of lead from the glaze and to serve, therefore, as a severe test that is unlikely to be matched under the actual conditions of usage of such ceramic tile. This test method is specific for lead and cadmium.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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