ASTM D4175-19
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D4175 − 19
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* A 5 log ~1⁄ T!52log ~T! (1)
10 10
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
where T is the transmittance.
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
which they appear.
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.14] D7996
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
petroleum,petroleumproducts,lubricants,andcertainproducts
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
termsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleumproducts,
A 5 log ~1/T!52log T
10 10
and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in
dictionaries of general usage.
where T is the transmittance.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D2008
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
length, expressed by:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a 5 Af/bc
2. Terminology
where:
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
b = sample cell path length, and
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
tee CS 95. Acronyms, abbreviations, and symbols are listed
volume of solvent.
separately in 2.2, following the defined terms.
[D02.04] D2008
abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protu-
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
berances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
[D02.B0] D4998; [D02.L0] D5182
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is a
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the
value that takes into account the specification limit, the test method
reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
precision, and the desired probability of product acceptance if the
quality is at the specification limit.
absorbance, (A), n—themolecularpropertyofasubstancethat
[D02.94] D3244
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantenergy,expressedby:
accepted reference value (ARV), n—value that serves as an
1
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
Subcommittee D02.95 on Terminology.
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally
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work of some national or international organization, such as
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D4175–18 . DOI:
10.1520/D4175-19. the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4175 − 18 D4175 − 19
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred and updated editorially in November 2018.
1. Scope*
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products,
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from
biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and
lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee jurisdiction
is in bold print following the definition. Those showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee CS 95. Acronyms,
abbreviations, and symbols are listed separately in 2.2, following the defined terms.
abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. [D02.B0]
D4998; [D02.L0] D5182
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
absorbance, (A), n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant energy, expressed by:
A 5 log 1 ⁄ T 52log T (1)
~ ! ~ !
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
DISCUSSION—
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.14] D7996
absorbance, A,n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
A 5 log 1/T 52log T
~ !
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
DISCUSSION—
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.95 on Terminology.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018May 1, 2019. Published April 2018May 2019. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
ɛ1
D4175 – 17b.D4175 – 18 . DOI: 10.1520/D4175-18E01.10.1520/D4175-19.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4175 − 19
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.04] D2008
absorptivity, a,n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path length,
expressed by:
a 5 Af/bc
where:
A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a volume of solvent.
[D02.04] D2008
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
DISCUSSION—
The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is a value that takes into account the specificatio
...
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