ASTM D2422-97

Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System

SCOPE
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.  
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from 2 to 1500 cSt (mm /s) as measured at a reference temperature of 40°C. Expressed in approximate equivalents, the range would be 32 to 7000 SUS. In the category of petroleum-base fluids, this covers the range from kerosine to heavy cylinder oils.  
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.2 are at present seldom used as industrial lubricants. Should industrial practices change, then this system, based on a mathematical series of numbers, may be extended to retain its orderly progression.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-1997
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0 - Industrial Lubricants and Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2422-97(2002) - Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2422 – 97 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Classification of
1
Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3 This system provides a suitable number of viscosity
grades, a uniform reference temperature, a uniform viscosity
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base
tolerance, and a nomenclature system for identifying the
fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which
viscosity characteristics of each grade.
may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired
3.4 This system implies no evaluation of lubricant quality
viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor
and applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity at
cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.
the reference temperature. It does not apply to those lubricants
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in
2
used primarily with automotive equipment and identified with
kinematic viscosity from 2 to 3200 cSt (mm /s) as measured at
an SAE number.
a reference temperature of 40°C. In the category of petroleum-
base fluids, this covers the range from kerosine to heavy
4. Basis of Classification
cylinder oils.
4.1 Twenty viscosity grades are given in Table 1.
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range
4.2 Each grade shall be designated by its nominal viscosity
described in 1.2 are at present seldom used as industrial
at 40°C.
lubricants. Should industrial practices change, then this system,
4.3 The permissible variance in viscosity of each grade shall
based on a mathematical series of numbers, may be extended to
be as shown in the two right-hand columns of Table 1. These
retain its orderly progression.
limits are based upon a 610 % deviation from the mathemati-
cal values which were used as the basis of construction of this
2. Referenced Documents
system.
2.1 ASTM Document:
4.4 The lubricant supplier may choose to exert a manufac-
D341 Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum
turing control on a given product that is closer than this 610 %
2
Products
tolerance. It is to be understood that any different percentage
3
2.2 SAE Standard:
variation that he uses will still guarantee maximum and
J 300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
minimum values that are not outside the limits of the standard
4
2.3 ISO Standard:
viscosity grade limits. However, the lubricant purchaser or the
ISO 3448 Industrial Liquid Lubricants—ISO Viscosity
equipment designer shall not normally specify control closer
Classification
than the maximum and minimums established herein for a
given grade. Any exception to this rule shall be handled outside
3. Significance and Use
the scope of this system and on a direct consumer-supplier
3.1 This classification establishes a series of definite viscos-
relationship.
ity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and
equipment designers will have a uniform and common basis for 5. Adoption of System
designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity of industrial
5.1 Adoption of this viscosity system is to be voluntary on
fluid lubricants.
the part of all persons or organizations. The system will be
3.2 This classification is used to eliminate unjustified inter-
effective only if used widely by designers, producers, and
mediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of
consumers. There is nothing to prohibit use of a viscosity grade
viscosity grades used in the lubrication of industrial equipment.
not listed in the system if the producer and consumer mutually
agree. It may be expected, however, that viscosity grades not in
accordance with this classification will be less readily available
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
to the purchaser than those grades which do conform.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L on Industrial Lubricants. 5.2 For the sake of world-wide uniformity of nomenclature
Current edition approved June 10, 1997. Published October 1997. Originally
in identifying the viscosity characteristics of fluid lubricants
published as D 2422 – 65 T. Last previous edition D 2422 – 86 (1996).
2 the following wording shall be used to designate a particular
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
viscosity grade:
Available from the Society of Auto
...