ASTM D2422-97(2002)

Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System

SCOPE
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.  
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from 2 to 1500 cSt (mm /s) as measured at a reference temperature of 40°C. Expressed in approximate equivalents, the range would be 32 to 7000 SUS. In the category of petroleum-base fluids, this covers the range from kerosine to heavy cylinder oils.  
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.2 are at present seldom used as industrial lubricants. Should industrial practices change, then this system, based on a mathematical series of numbers, may be extended to retain its orderly progression.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-1997
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.11 - Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2422-97 - Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Replaced By: ASTM D2422-97(2007) - Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D6709-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D8029-18 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4378-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4293-22 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6618-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D5763-22a - Standard Test Method for Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils Using Universal Glassware
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6158-18 - Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D7044-15 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6224-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Lubricating Oil for Auxiliary Power Plant Equipment
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6080-18a - Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4304-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D665-19 - Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 2422 – 97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Classification of
Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 This classification is used to eliminate unjustified inter-
mediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base
viscositygradesusedinthelubricationofindustrialequipment.
fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which
3.3 This system provides a suitable number of viscosity
may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired
grades, a uniform reference temperature, a uniform viscosity
viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor
tolerance, and a nomenclature system for identifying the
cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.
viscosity characteristics of each grade.
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in
3.4 This system implies no evaluation of lubricant quality
kinematic viscosity from 2 to 3200 cSt (mm /s) as measured at
and applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity at
a reference temperature of 40°C. In the category of petroleum-
the reference temperature. It does not apply to those lubricants
base fluids, this covers the range from kerosine to heavy
used primarily with automotive equipment and identified with
cylinder oils.
an SAE number.
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range
described in 1.2 are, at present, seldom used as industrial
4. Basis of Classification
lubricants.Shouldindustrialpracticeschange,thenthissystem,
4.1 Twenty viscosity grades are given in Table 1 .
basedonamathematicalseriesofnumbers,maybeextendedto
retain its orderly progression.
A
TABLE 1 Viscosity System for Industrial Fluid Lubricants
2. Referenced Documents
Kinematic Viscosity
Mid-Point
Limits, cSt (mm /s) at
2.1 ASTM Document:
Viscosity System Grade Viscosity,
B,C
40.0°C
Identification cSt (mm /s)
D341 Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum
at 40.0°C
min max
Products
2.2 SAE Standard: ISO VG 2 2.2 1.98 2.4
ISO VG 3 3.2 2.88 3.52
J 300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
ISO VG 5 4.6 4.14 5.06
2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO VG 7 6.8 6.12 7.48
ISO 3448 Industrial Liquid Lubricants—ISO Viscosity
ISO VG 10 10 9.00 11.0
Classification
ISO VG 15 15 13.5 16.5
ISO VG 22 22 19.8 24.2
3. Significance and Use
ISO VG 32 32 28.8 35.2
ISO VG 46 46 41.4 50.6
3.1 This classification establishes a series of definite viscos-
ISO VG 68 68 61.2 74.8
ity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and
ISO VG 100 100 90.0 110
equipmentdesignerswillhaveauniformandcommonbasisfor
ISO VG 150 150 135 165
designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity of industrial
ISO VG 220 220 198 242
fluid lubricants.
ISO VG 320 320 288 352
ISO VG 460 460 414 506
ISO VG 680 680 612 748
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
ISO VG 1000 1000 900 1100
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ISO VG 1500 1500 1350 1650
D02.L on Industrial Lubricants.
ISO VG 2200 2200 1980 2420
Current edition approved June 10, 1997. Published October 1997. Originally
ISO VG 3200 3200 2880 3520
published as D 2422 – 65 T. Last previous edition D 2422 – 86 (1996).
A
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
This system implies no evaluation of quality.
B
Available from the Society of Automative Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
This system is used in ISO 3448.
C
Warrendale, PA 15096.
If 40°C is not the temperature used when
...