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ASTM D5985-02(2014)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, such as pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations.  
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point.  
5.3 This test method can determine the temperature of the test specimen with a resolution of 0.1°C at which either crystals have formed or viscosity increases sufficiently to impede movement of the petroleum product.  
5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D97/IP15 when the 3°C interval results are reported.Note 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97 (in 3°C intervals) the precisions were derived for the temperatures rounded to the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D97, see 13.3.  
5.5 This test method has better repeatability and comparable reproducibility relative to Test Method D97 as measured in the 1992 interlaboratory program. (See Section 13.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that continuously rotates the test specimen against a suspended detection device during cooling of the test specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −57 to +51°C; however, the range of temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory program only covered the temperature range of − 39 to +6°C (see 13.4).  
1.3 This test method determines the no-flow point of petroleum products by detection of the crystal structure or viscosity increase, or both, in the sample that is sufficient to impede flow of the specimen.  
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.Note 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to 13.4.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2013
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5985-02(2008) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Replaced By
ASTM D5985-02(2020) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Referred By
ASTM D2880-23 - Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM D8240-22e1 - Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM D86-23 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM D396-21 - Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014

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ASTM D5985-02(2014) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5985 − 02 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5985; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method covers an alternative procedure for the determination of pour point of petroleum
products using an automatic apparatus.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that con-
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
tinuously rotates the test specimen against a suspended detec-
Petroleum Products
tion device during cooling of the test specimen.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of
Petroleum Products
temperatures from −57 to +51°C; however, the range of
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory program
IP 15Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
onlycoveredthetemperaturerangeof−39to+6°C(see13.4).
3. Terminology
1.3 This test method determines the no-flow point of petro-
3.1 Definitions:
leum products by detection of the crystal structure or viscosity
3.1.1 pour point, n—in petroleum products, the lowest
increase,orboth,inthesamplethatissufficienttoimpedeflow
temperature at which movement of the test specimen is
of the specimen.
observed under prescribed conditions of test.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 no-flow point, n—in petroleum products, the tempera-
NOTE 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples
has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to ture of the test specimen at which a wax crystal structure or
13.4.
viscosity increase, or both, impedes movement of the surface
of the test specimen under the conditions of the test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.2.2 Discussion—The no-flow point occurs when, upon
cooling, the formation of wax crystal structures or viscosity
standard.
increase, or both, have progressed to the point where the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
applied observation device no longer detects movement under
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the conditions of the test. The preceding observation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature, at which flow of the test specimen is last
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
observed, is the pour point.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 pour point at 3°C testing intervals, n—in petroleum
products, the temperature calculated by rounding the no-flow
point of the test specimen to the next higher integer which is a
multiple of 3°C.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5985–02(2008). Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
DOI: 10.1520/D5985-02R14. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5985 − 02 (2014)
3.2.4 Discussion—The no-flow point can be measured with 6. Apparatus
a resolution of 0.1°C in this test method. In Test Method D97 4
6.1 Automatic Apparatus —The automatic pour point appa-
observations for no-flow are in 3°C intervals and when results
ratus described in the Annex A1 consists of a microprocessor
with a similar format to Test Method D97 are required, this
controlled measuring unit that is capable of heating, cooling,
calculation shall be performed. Some apparatus can perform
rotating, and recording the temperature of the test specimen.
this calculation automatically.
Theapparatusshallbeequippedwithadigitaldisplay,cooling/
heating block assembly, turntable, test specimen cup and
3.2.5 rotational, n—in this standard, the technique of turn-
ingthetestspecimenjarinanuprightpositionuponaturntable measuring head containing a counter-balanced pendulum and
temperature measuring device.
with a stationary positioned, temperature sensor containing
pendulum, inserted into the test specimen.
6.2 Test Specimen Cup—The test specimen cup is a flat
bottomaluminumcupwiththedimensionsinA1.2.Toindicate
3.2.6 Discussion—Upon cooling of the test specimen, the
the required fill level, the inside of the test cup is scribed at a
resultant crystal formation or viscosity increase in the speci-
height of 36 6 0.2 mm above the inside bottom. The outside
men exerts force upon the pendulum, offsetting the stationary
bottom of the test cup has two indentions to facilitate the
position and causing detection of the no-flow point.
rotation of the test cup.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.3 Circulating Bath—Refrigeration unit equipped with a
circulating pump capable of maintaining a temperature at least
4.1 Afterinsertingthetestspecimenintotheautomaticpour
20°C colder than the lowest expected pour point to be
point apparatus, and initiation of the program, the test speci-
measured.
men is heated and then cooled by maintaining a constant
temperature differential between the cooling block and the
7. Reagents and Material
sample. The test specimen is continuously tested for flow
7.1 Methyl Alcohol, anhydrous, for use as cooling medium
characteristics by rotating the test specimen cup at approxi-
in circulating bath.
mately 0.1 rpm against a stationary, counter-balanced, sphere-
shaped pendulum. The temperature of the test specimen at
7.2 Cleaning Solvents, suitable for cleaning and drying the
whichacrystalstructureoraviscosityincrease,orboth,within
specimen cup and pendulum, such as petroleum naptha and
the test specimen causes the displacement of the pendulum is
acetone. (Warning—Flammable. Liquid causes eye burns.
recorded with a resolution of 0.1°C. The test specimen is then
Vaporharmful.Maybefatalorcauseblindnessifswallowedor
heated to the original starting temperature.
inhaled.)
8. Sampling
5. Significance and Use
8.1 Obtain a sample in accordance with Practices D4057 or
5.1 Thepourpointofapetroleumproductisanindexofthe
by D4177.
lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow
characteristics, such as pour point, can be critical for the 8.2 Samples of very viscous materials can be warmed until
correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and they are reasonably fluid before they are transferred; however,
pipeline operations. no sample shall be heated more than is absolutely necessary.
The sample shall not be heated and transferred into the test
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measure-
specimen cup unless its temperature is 70°C or lower.
ment of the pour point.
NOTE 3—In the event the sample has been heated above this
5.3 This test method can determine the temperature of the
temperature,allowthesampletocooluntilitstemperatureisatleast70°C
test specimen with a resolution of 0.1°C at which either
before transferring.
crystals have formed or viscosity increases sufficiently to
9. Preparation of Apparatus
impede movement of the petroleum product.
9.1 Prepare the instrument for operation in accordance with
5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar
the manufacturer’s instructions.
to Test Method D97/IP15 when the 3°C interval results are
reported. 9.2 Clean and dry the test specimen cup and the cooling
well using suitable solvents as prescribed by the apparatus
NOTE 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format
manufacturer.
similar toTest Method D97 (in 3°C intervals) the precisions were derived
for the temperatures rounded to the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias
relative to Test Method D97, see 13.3.
Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheinstrumentknowntothecommitteeatthistime
is Herzog Model MC 850, available from Walter Herzog, Lauda, Germany. If you
5.5 Thistestmethodhasbetterrepeatabilityandcomparable
are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
reproducibilityrelativetoTestMethodD97asmeasuredinthe
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
1992 interlaboratory program. (See Section 13.) meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D5985 − 02 (2014)
9.3 Preparetherefrigeratedcirculatingbathfor operationin tinuously displayed.At the detection of the last flow point, the
accordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructionsandallowitto temperature the test specimen attained is held on the digital
attainatemperatureatleast20°Clowerthantheexpectedpour display until reset by the operator. The test specimen is then
point of the sample. heated to approximately 45°C, or to the preselect
...

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ASTM
ASTM D4175-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D86-23ae1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.  
5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.  
5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.  
5.4 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.  
5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Note 1: An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2  
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.  
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.  
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit...

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ASTM
ASTM D2425-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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