ASTM D6151-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil Sampling
Standard Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil Sampling
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Hollow-stem augers are frequently used for geotechnical exploration. Often, hollow-stem augers are used with other sampling systems, such as split barrel penetration resistance testing, Test Method D1586, or thin-wall tube sampling, Practice D1587 (see 2.5). Hollow-stem augers may be used to advance a drill hole without sampling using a pilot bit assembly, or they may be equipped with a sampling system for obtaining soil cores. In some subsurface conditions that contain cohesive soils, the drillhole can be successfully advanced without the use of a pilot bit assembly. Intermittent drilling (advancing of the HSA column with or without a pilot bit) and sampling can be performed depending on the intervals to be sampled, or continuous sampling can be performed. During pauses in the drilling and sampling process, in situ testing or other soil sampling methods can be performed through the hollow auger column below the lead auger assembly. At completion of the boring to the depth of interest, the hole may be abandoned or testing or monitoring devices can be installed. Hollow-stem auger drilling allows for drilling and casing the hole simultaneously, thereby eliminating hole caving problems and contamination of soil samples (2). The hollow-stem auger drilling and sampling method can be a satisfactory means for collecting samples of shallow unconsolidated subsurface materials (2). Additional guidance on use can be found in Refs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Soil sampling with a double-tube hollow-stem sampling system provides a method for obtaining continuous or intermittent samples of soils for accurate logging of subsurface materials to support geotechnical testing and exploration. A wide variety of soils from clays to sands can be sampled. The sampling systems can be particularly effective in dry soft to stiff clayey or silty deposits but also can work well under saturated conditions. Saturated cohesionless soils such as clean sands may flow and cave during drilling (see Note 1). In ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers how to obtain soil samples using hollow-stem sampling systems and use of hollow-stem auger drilling methods for geotechnical exploration. This practice addresses how to obtain soil samples suitable for engineering properties testing.
1.2 In most geotechnical explorations, hollow-stem auger drilling is combined with other sampling methods. Split barrel penetration tests (Test Method D1586) are often performed to provide estimates of engineering properties of soils. Thin-wall tube (Practice D1587) and ring-lined barrel samples (Practice D3550) are also frequently taken. This practice discusses hole preparation for these sampling events. For information on the sampling process, consult the related standards. Other in situ tests, such as the vane shear Test Method D2573, can be performed below the base of the boring by access through the drill string.
1.3 This practice does not include considerations for geoenvironmental site characterizations and installation of monitoring wells which are addressed in Guide D5784.
1.4 This practice may not reflect all aspects of operations. It offers guidance on current practice but does not recommend a specific course of action. It should not be used as the sole criterion or basis of comparison, and does not replace or relieve professional judgment.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 Hollow-stem auger drilling for geotechnical exploration often involves safety planning, administration, and documentation. This standard does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use. Perf...
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Designation: D6151 − 08
StandardPractice for
Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and
1
Soil Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to its use. Performance of the test usually involves use of
1.1 This practice covers how to obtain soil samples using
a drill rig, therefore, safety requirements as outlined in
hollow-stem sampling systems and use of hollow-stem auger
applicable safety standards, for example OSHA (Occupational
drilling methods for geotechnical exploration. This practice
Health and Safety Administration) regulations, DCDMA safety
addresses how to obtain soil samples suitable for engineering
2
manual (1), drilling safety manuals, and other applicable state
properties testing.
and local regulations must be observed.
1.2 In most geotechnical explorations, hollow-stem auger
drilling is combined with other sampling methods. Split barrel 2. Referenced Documents
penetration tests (Test Method D1586) are often performed to 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
provide estimates of engineering properties of soils. Thin-wall
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design
tube (Practice D1587) and ring-lined barrel samples (Practice 4
and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
D3550) are also frequently taken. This practice discusses hole
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
preparation for these sampling events. For information on the
Fluids
sampling process, consult the related standards. Other in situ
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
tests, such as the vane shear Test Method D2573, can be
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
performed below the base of the boring by access through the
D5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
drill string.
of Soil and Rock
1.3 This practice does not include considerations for geoen- 2.2 Standards for Sampling of Soil and Rock:
vironmental site characterizations and installation of monitor- D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAuger
ing wells which are addressed in Guide D5784. Borings
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
1.4 This practice may not reflect all aspects of operations. It
Barrel Sampling of Soils
offers guidance on current practice but does not recommend a
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
specific course of action. It should not be used as the sole
Geotechnical Purposes
criterionorbasisofcomparison,anddoesnotreplaceorrelieve
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
professional judgment.
Rock for Site Exploration
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Drive Sampling of Soils
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
and are not considered standard.
Samples
1.6 Hollow-stem auger drilling for geotechnical exploration D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
often involves safety planning, administration, and documen-
D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core
tation. This standard does not purport to specifically address Samples
exploration and site safety. It is the responsibility of the user of
2.3 In situ Testing:
this standard to establish appropriate safety and health prac-
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references at the end of this
practice.
1 3
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008, Published October 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
4
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6151 – 97 (2003). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D6151-08. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6151 − 08
D2573 Test Method for Field
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6151–97 (Reapproved 2003) Designation:D6151–08
Standard Practice for
Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and
1
Soil Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers how to obtain soil samples using hollow-stem sampling systems and use of hollow-stem auger drilling
methods for geotechnical exploration. This practice addresses how to obtain soil samples suitable for engineering properties
testing.
1.2 In most geotechnical explorations, hollow-stem auger drilling is combined with other sampling methods. Split barrel
penetration tests (Test Method D 1586) are often performed to provide estimates of engineering properties of soils. Thin-wall tube
(Practice D 1587) and ring-lined barrel samples (Practice D 3550) are also frequently taken. This practice discusses hole
preparation for these sampling events. For information on the sampling process, consult the related standards. Other in situ tests,
such as the vane shear Test Method D 2573, can be performed below the base of the boring by access through the drill string.
1.3 This practice does not include considerations for geoenvironmental site characterizations and installation of monitoring
wells which are addressed in Guide D 5784.
1.4 This practice may not reflect all aspects of operations. It offers guidance on current practice but does not recommend a
specific course of action. It should not be used as the sole criterion or basis of comparison, and does not replace or relieve
professional judgment.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 Hollow-stem auger drilling for geotechnical exploration often involves safety planning, administration, and documentation.
This standard does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.
Performance of the test usually involves use of a drill rig, therefore, safety requirements as outlined in applicable safety standards,
2
for example OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) regulations, DCDMA safety manual (1), drilling safety
manuals, and other applicable state and local regulations must be observed.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D420Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, Design, and Construction PurposesASTM Standards:
D 420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
D 5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
2.2 Standards for Sampling of Soil and Rock:
D 1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
D 1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
3
D1587Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Geotechnical Sampling of Soils
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and Related
Field Testing for Soil Investigations.
Current edition approved August 10, 1997, Published December 1997.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and Related
Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008, Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6151 – 97 (2003).
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references at the end of this practice.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears
...
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