ASTM C890-06(2011)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures
Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to standardize the minimum loads to be used to structurally design a precast product.
The user is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated field conditions and requirements with the design loads. Field conditions may dictate loads greater than minimum.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete water and wastewater structures with the exception of concrete pipe, box culverts, utility structures, and material covered in Specification C478.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C890 − 06(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Minimum Structural Design Loading for Monolithic or
Sectional Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater
Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This practice describes the minimum loads to be applied
when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete water
3.1.1 above ground structures—all structures with their base
and wastewater structures with the exception of concrete pipe,
at or above ground.
box culverts, utility structures, and material covered in Speci-
3.1.2 bearing loads—the foundation pressure reaction to all
fication C478.
other loads acting on the structure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.3 below ground structures—all structures other than
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
those with their base at or above ground.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.4 dead loads—the mass of the structure and all perma-
and are not considered standard.
nent loads imposed on the structure.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 equipment loads—loads induced into the structure by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- equipment installed on mounting devices cast into the struc-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ture.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 hydrostatic loads—all pressures due to the weight of
water or other liquids.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.7 lateral earth loads—the lateral pressure due to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
effective weight of adjacent earth backfill.
C478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-
3.1.8 lifting loads—the forces induced into the structure
hole Sections
during handling at the precast plant and the construction site.
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
3.1.9 surcharge loads—the lateral pressure due to vertical
Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16th Edition
loads superimposed on the adjacent earth backfill.
2.3 ACI Standard:
3.1.10 traffıc loads—all loads superimposed on the structure
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-
or adjacent earth backfill due to vehicles or pedestrians.
crete
3.1.11 water and wastewater structures—solar heating
reservoirs, septic tanks, cisterns, holding tanks, leaching tanks,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast extended aeration tanks, wet wells, pumping stations, grease
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.30 on Water
traps, distribution boxes, oil-water separators, treatment plants,
and Wastewater Containers.
manure pits, catch basins, drop inlets, and similar structures.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C890–06. DOI:
10.1520/C0890-06R11.
4. Significance and Use
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
loads to be used to structurally design a precast product.
the ASTM website.
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
4.2 The user is cautioned that he must properly correlate the
Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
anticipated field conditions and requirements with the design
http://www.transportation.org.
loads. Field conditions may dictate loads greater than mini-
Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org. mum.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C890 − 06 (2011)
TABLE 2 Vehicle and Pedestrian Load Designations
5. Design Loads
Designation Load, max Uses
5.1 Dead Loads:
A
A-16 (HS20-44) 16 000 lbf (71 200 N) per wheel heavy traffic
5.1.1 Permanent vertical loads typically include the weight
A
A-12 (HS15-44) 12 000 lbf (53 400 N) per wheel medium traffic
A
of the road bed, walkways, earth backfill, and access opening
A-8 (H10-44) 8 000 lbf (35 600 N) per wheel light traffic
A-03 300 lbf/ft (14 400 Pa) walkways
covers.
A
5.1.2 Recommendedunitweightsofmaterialsfordesignare The designations in parentheses are corresponding ASSHTO designations.
shown in Table 1.
5.2 Traffıc Loads:
5.2.1 The vehicle and pedestrian loadings are shown in
Table 2.
5.2.2 The arrangement and spacing of vehicle wheels are
shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
5.2.3 Distribution of Wheel Loads through Earth Fills:
5.2.3.1 For structures where vehicle wheels contact the top
surface of the structure, the vehicle wheel loads will be
distributed over an area as shown in Fig. 3. The loaded area
will be:
A 5 W 3L (1)
where:
2 2
A = wheel load area, ft (m ),
W = wheel width, ft (m), and
L = wheel length, ft (m).
5.2.3.2 Forbelowgroundstructureswherebackfillseparates
the vehicle wheels and the top surface of the structure, the
vehicle wheel loads will be distributed as a truncated pyramid
as shown in Fig. 4.
The loaded area will be:
A 5 ~W11.75 H! 3 ~L11.75 H! (2)
where:
2 2
A = wheel load area, ft (m ),
W = wheel width, ft (m),
L = wheel length, ft (m), and
Load at A Load at B Load at C
H = height of backfill between wheels and structure, ft (m).
Designation
lbf N lbf N lbf N
A
A-16 (HS20-44) 4 000 17 800 16 000 71 200 12 000 53 400
A
A-12 (HS15-44) 3 000 13 300 12 000 53 400 8 000 35 600
5.2.3.3 When several distributed wheel load areas overlap,
A
A-8 (H10-44) 2 000 8 900 8 000 35 600 6 000 26 700
the total wheel load will be uniformly distributed over a
composite area defined by the outside limits of the individual
A
areas. Such a wheel load distribution is shown in Fig. 5. The designations in parentheses are corresponding ASSHTO designations.
FIG. 1 Single Vehicle Traffic Loads and Spacing
TABLE 1 Unit Weights of Materials
3 3
Material Weight, lbf/ft (N/m )
Concrete (plain or reinforced) 150 (23 600)
5.2.3.4 When the dimensions of the distributed load area or
Lightweight Concrete (reinforced) 100 to 130 (15 700 to 20 400)
the composite distributed load area exceed the top surface area
Cast Iron 450 (70 700)
Steel 490 (77 000) of the structure, only that portion of the distributed load within
Aluminum 175 (27 500)
the top surface area will be considered in the design.
Earth Fill 100 to 150 (15 700 to 23 600)
5.2.4 Theeffectsofimpactwillincreasethelivewheelloads
Macadam 140 (22 000)
designated as A-16, A-12, and A-8 as shown in Table 3.
C890 − 06 (2011)
TABLE 3 Wheel Load Increases for Impact
Height of Backfill Between Wheel and Structure Increase
0 to 12 in. (0 to 305 mm) 30 %
13 to 24 in. (330 to 610 mm) 20 %
25 to 35 in. (635 to 890 mm) 10 %
36 in. (915 mm) or greater 0 %
P = hydrostatic pressure, lbf/ft (Pa),
W
3 3
W = unit weight of water, lbf/ft (N/m ), and
W
H = distance from the ground water surface to the point on
W
the structure under consideration, ft (m).
FIG. 2 Multiple Vehicle Spacing
5.3.2 The liquid pressure acting on any point on the inside
surface of the structure is:
P 5 W 3H (4)
L L L
where:
P = liquid pressure, lbf/ft (Pa),
L
3 3
W = unit weight of the liquid, lbf/ft (N/m ), and
L
H = distance from the liquid surface to the point on the
L
structure under consideration, ft (m).
FIG. 3 Wheel Load Area
5.4 Lateral Earth Loads:
5.4.1 The lateral earth pressure on the walls of a buried
structure for the portion of the walls abo
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