ASTM D2509-03(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method is used widely for specification purposes and is used to differentiate between greases having low, medium, or high levels of extreme pressure characteristics. The results may not correlate with results from service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
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Designation: D2509 − 03(Reapproved 2008)
Designation: 326/83 (88)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating
Grease (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Whenthelubricantfilmissubstantially
maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-
when there is a breakdown of the lubricant film, scoring or
carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the
surfacefailureofthetestblocktakesplaceasshowninFig.1.
Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
Initssimplestandrecognizedform,scoringischaracterizedby
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
a wide scar on the test block and by the transfer of metal from
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
thetestblocktothecontactingsurfaceofthetestcup.Theform
only.
of surface failure more usually encountered, however, consists
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of a comparatively smooth scar, which shows local damage
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the that usually extends beyond the width of the scar. Scratches or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
striationsthatoccurinanotherwisesmoothscarandthatdonot
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- extend beyond the width of the scar are not considered scoring
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
in this test method.
warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
3.1.3 seizure or welding, n—localized fusion of rubbing
metal, usually indicated by streaks of transferred metal, in-
2. Referenced Documents
creased friction and wear, or unusual noise and vibration.
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:
3.1.4 wear, n—the removal of metal from a rubbing surface
Glossy Prints of Test Blocks Showing Various Types of
by mechanical action, or by a combination of mechanical and
Scar
chemical actions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3. Terminology
3.2.1 OK value, n—the maximum mass (weight) added to
3.1 Definitions:
the load lever mass (weight) pan, at which no scoring or
3.1.1 load-carrying capacity, of a lubricating grease, n—the
seizure occurs.
maximum load or pressure that can be sustained by a lubricat-
3.2.2 score value, n—the minimum mass (weight) added to
ing grease without failure of the sliding contact surfaces as
the load lever mass (weight) pan, at which scoring or seizure
evidenced by seizure or welding.
occurs.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Thevaluesofloadcarryingcapacityof
a lubricating grease vary according to test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1.2 scoring, in tribology, n—a severe form of wear char-
4.1 The tester is operated with a steel test cup rotating
acterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches
against a steel test block. The rotating speed is 123.71 6 0.77
in the direction of sliding.
m/min (405.88 6 2.54 ft/min) which is equivalent to a spindle
speed of 800 6 5 rpm. Grease samples are brought to and
applied at 24 6 6°C (75 6 10°F).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
4.2 Two determinations are made: the minimum load (score
D02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.
value) that will rupture the lubricant film being tested between
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2509–03.
the rotating cup and the stationary block and cause abrasion;
This test method was adopted as an ASTM-IP Standard. DOI: 10.1520/D2509-
and the maximum load (OK value) at which the rotating cup
03R08.
will not rupture the lubricant film and cause abrasion between
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
ADJD2509. Original adjunct produced in 1972. the rotating cup and the stationary block.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2509 − 03 (2008)
FIG. 1 Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar
4,5
5. Significance and Use 6.5 Test Blocks withtestsurfaces12.32 60.10mm(0.485
6 0.004 in.) wide and 19.05 6 0.41 mm (0.750 6 0.016 in.)
5.1 The test method is used widely for specification pur-
long, of carburized steel, having a Rockwell Hardness C Scale
poses and is used to differentiate between greases having low,
Number of 58 to 62, or a Vickers Hardness Number of 653 to
medium,orhighlevelsofextremepressurecharacteristics.The
746. Each block is supplied with four ground faces and the
results may not correlate with results from service.
surfaceroughnessshouldliebetween0.51and0.76µm(20and
30 µin.) C.L.A.
6. Apparatus and Materials
4,6
6.6 Microscope, low-power (50× to 60×), having suffi-
6.1 Timken Extreme Pressure Tester , described in detail in
cient clearance under objective to accommodate the test block.
Annex A1 and illustrated in Fig. 2.
Itshouldbefittedwithafilarmicrometersothatthescarwidth
6.2 Sample Feed Devices, for supplying the test specimens
maybemeasuredwithanaccuracyof 60.05mm(60.002in.).
with grease are described in Annex A1.
6.7 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.
6.3 Loading Mechanism, for applying and removing the
load mass (weight) without shock at the uniform rate 0.91 to
7. Reagents
1.36kg/s(2to3lb/s).AdetaileddescriptionisgiveninAnnex
7.1 Acetone, reagent grade, minimum purity. (Warning—
A1.
Extremely flammable. Vapors can cause flash fire.)
3,4
6.4 Test Cups, of carburized steel, having a Rockwell
7.2 StoddardSolvent,alsoknownasMineralSpirits,reagent
Hardness C Scale Number of 58 to 62, or a Vickers Hardness
grade. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
Numberof653to746.Thecupshaveawidthof13.06 60.05
mm (0.514 6 0.002 in.), a perimeter of 154.51 6 0.23 mm
8. Preparation of Apparatus
(6.083 6 0.009 in.), a diameter of 49.22 +0.025, −0.127 mm
8.1 Clean the apparatus with Stoddard solvent and acetone
(1.938 +0.001, −0.005 in.), and a maximum radial run-out of
(see 7.1 and 7.2), and blow dry. Shield the sump outlet and
0.013 mm (0.0005 in.). The axial surface roughness should lie
disconnecttheoilpumptoeliminatewearontheunusedpump.
between 0.51 and 0.76 µm (20 and 30 µin.) C.L.A.
Replace the oil reservoir with the grease feed device.
The sole source of supply of the test cups known to the committee at this time
is Falex Corporation, 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL, 60554-9585 under Part Thesolesourceofsupplyofthetestblocksknowntothecommitteeatthistime
No. F-25061. is Falex Corporation, 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL, 60554-9585 under Part
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to No. F-25001.
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider- Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatusknowntothecommitteeatthistime
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. is Falex Corporation, 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL, 60554-9585.
D2509 − 03 (2008)
FIG. 2 Timken Tester
8.2 Select a new test cup and block, wash with Stoddard suitable control mechanism. If the parts are in alignment, the
solvent, and dry with a clean soft cloth or paper. Immediately grease will be wiped off the cup over its entire width.
before use rinse the test cup and block with acetone and blow
NOTE 1—At this point it is recommended that a dial indicator be used
them dry. Do not use solvents such as carbon tetrachloride or
tocheckthattheradialrun-outofthecup in situdoesnotexceed0.001in.
others that may inherently possess load-carrying properties
(0.025 mm) total indicator movement.
which may affect the results.
9. Procedure
8.3 Assemble the tester carefully (Fig. 3), placing the test
9.1 Bring the grease to 24 6 6°C (75 6 10°F). Fill the
cup on the spindle and making certain that it is well seated,
grease-feedingdevicewithgrease,avoidingtheinclusionofair
drawing it up firmly but avoiding possible distortion from
bubbles. Apply a film of grease to the test cup and block and
excessive tightening (Note 1). Place the test block in the test
thoroughly grease the guide bushing with the test grease. Do
blockholderandadjusttheleverssothatalltheknifeedgesare
not heat the grease.
inproperalignment.Exercisespecialcareinplacingthestirrup
of the spring-weight platform assembly (selection of which 9.2 Apply the grease at 25 6 6°C (75 6 10°F) to the test
will depend on the loading device) in the groove of the blockthroughthegrease-feedmechanismattheuniformrateof
load-leverarmtoavoidprematureshocktothetestblockwhen 45 6 9 g/min (0.1 6 0.02 lb/min). Start the motor and run for
the load is applied. To ensure the test block, test block holder, 30 s to break-in. If the equipment used is equipped with
and lever arms are properly aligned and seated, coat the test acceleration control, start the motor and increase the spindle
block and test cup with the grease to be tested, and rotate the speed gradually to achieve 800 6 5 rpm after 15 s. Run for a
machine slowly for a few revolutions either by hand or by further 15 s to complete the break-in.
D2509 − 03 (2008)
FIG. 2 Timken Tester (continued)
FIG. 3 Assembly of Tester Showing Test Pieces
9.3 After the break-in period of 30 s, start the timer and indicate scoring of the test components. Stop the machine at
once, turn off the supply of grease lubricant, and remove the
applyat8.9to13.3N/s(2to3lbf/s),aloadof133.4N(30lbf).
load.
(A starting load of 133.4 N (30 lbf/s) is recommended. The
load lever arm, spring, and mass (weight) carrier assembly are
9.4 If, after the load has been applied, scoring is evident by
not considered part of the applied load.) Then allow the
vibrationornoise,stopthetesteratonce,removetheload,and
machine to run at 800 6 5 rpm for 10 min 6 15 s after load
turn off the flow of lubricant. Since the excessive heat
application is initiated, unless a score is detected before that
developed with deep scoring may alter the surface character-
period. Excessive noise and fluctuations in the spindle speed istics of the entire block, discard the test block. (Warning—
D2509 − 03 (2008)
The machine and test pieces may be hot at this point and care the test block and wash with Stoddard solvent, rinse with
should be exercised in their handling.) acetone, and blow dry. By means of a filar micrometer
microscope, measure the width of the scars on those blocks
9.5 If no scoring is detected, allow the tester to run for 10
whichsuccessfullycarriedthisload.Makeallmeasurementsto
min 6 15 s from the start of the application of the load.At the
0.05 mm (0.002 in.) Calculate the contact pressure, C,as
endofthe10min 615speriod,reversetheloadingdeviceand
follows:
remove the load from the lever arm. Turn off the motor, allow
the spindle to come to rest, then turn off the flow of grease. C, psi 5 @L~X1G!#/YZor @20~X1G!#/Z (1)
Remove the load lever and inspect the condition of the test
C, MPa 59.81 @L~X`10.454G!#/Y`Z` (2)
block surface. The lubricant has failed at the imposed load if
the wear scar indicates any scoring or welding.
where:
NOTE 2—Microscopical observations should not be used to define if
L = 10=mechanical advantage of load-lever arm,
scoring has occurred, but a skilled operator may use a microscope to
G = load-lever constant (value is stamped on lever arm of
examine the wear scar for further information.
each tester),
9.6 If no score is observed, turn the test block to expose a
X = mass (weight) placed on the weight pan, lb
new surface of contact and, with a new test cup, repeat the test
X` = mass (weight) placed on the weight pan, kg,
with a load 44.5-N (10-lbf) heavier and in successive tests
Y = length of test scar (1/2 in.),
increase it in 44.5-N (10-lbf) increments until a load that
Y` = length of test scar (12.7 mm),
produces a score is reached.At this point decrease the load by
Z = average width of test scar, in., and
22.2 N (5 lbf) for the final determination. Z` = average width of test scar, mm.
9.7 If a score is produced at the 133.4-N (30-lbf) load,
11. Precision and Bias
reduce the load by 26.7-N (6-lbf) decrements until no scoring
isrealized.Atthispoint,increasetheloadby13.3N(3lbf)for
11.1 The precision of this test is not known to have been
the final determination. obtained in accordance with currently accepted guidelines (for
example, Research Report RR:D02-1007).
9.8 When the wear scar evidence at any load stage makes
the definition of the onset of scoring questionable, repeat the 11.2 The following criteria should be used for judging the
testatthesameload.Ifthesecondtestproducesascore,record
acceptability of OK load results (95% confidence):
a score rating for this load. Similarly, if the second test 11.2.1 Repeatability—Duplicate results by the same opera-
producesnoscoring,recordanoscorerating.Ifthesecondtest
tor should be considered suspect if they differ by more than
againyieldsaquestionableresult,simplywithholdjudgmentof 23% of their mean. Table X3.1, based on this level of
the rating at this load stage and test the grease at the
repeatability,andtheuseoftheloadincrementsspecifiedinthe
immediately next higher and lower load stages. Then assign a method, may be used to quickly check the acceptability of the
rating to the load stage in question which is identical to the
results by the same operator.
rating obtained at the immediately next higher load stage
11.2.2 Reproducibility—The results submitted by each of
employed (see Annex A2).
two laboratories should be considered suspect if they differ by
more than 59% of their mean. Table X3.2, based on this level
NOTE 3—Two other procedures that may be conducted with this
of reproducibility and the use of the load increments specified
apparatus are described by Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.
in the method, may be used to quickly check the acceptability
10. Calculation and Report
of two results, each from a different laboratory.
10.1 ReporttheOKandscorevaluesintermsofthemasses
11.3 Bias—The procedure in Test Method D2509 for mea-
(weights) placed on the mass (weight) pan hanging from the
suring load-carrying properties of lubricating grease has no
end of the load-lever arm; do not include the mass (weight) of
bias because the value of load-carrying properties can be
the pan assemb
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2509–93 (Reapproved 1998) Designation:D2509–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Designation: 326/83(88)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating
Grease (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This test method was adopted as anASTM-IP
Standard.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the Timken
Extreme Pressure Tester.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Note 1, Note 2, and Note 4For specific warning statements, see
7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)ASTM Adjuncts:
2 2
Glossy Prints of Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar D329Specification for Acetone
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 load-carrying capacity, of a lubricating grease, n—the maximum load or pressure that can be sustained by a lubricating
grease without failure of the sliding contact surfaces as evidenced by seizure or welding.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The values of load carrying capacity of a lubricating grease vary according to test method.
3.1.2 scoring, in tribology, n—a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in the
direction of sliding.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—When the lubricant film is substantially maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but when
thereisabreakdownofthelubricantfilm,scoringorsurfacefailureofthetestblocktakesplaceasshowninFig.1. Initssimplest
and recognized form, scoring is characterized by a wide scar on the test block and by the transfer of metal from the test block to
the contacting surface of the test cup.The form of surface failure more usually encountered, however, consists of a comparatively
smooth scar, which shows local damage that usually extends beyond the width of the scar. Scratches or striations that occur in an
otherwise smooth scar and that do not extend beyond the width of the scar are not considered scoring in this test method.
3.1.3 seizure or welding, n—localized fusion of rubbing metal, usually indicated by streaks of transferred metal, increased
friction and wear, or unusual noise and vibration.
3.1.4 wear, n—the removal of metal from a rubbing surface by mechanical action, or by a combination of mechanical and
chemical actions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G on
Lubricating Grease.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1993. Published May 1993. Originally published as D2509–66T. Last previous edition D2509–91.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G0.04
on Functional Tests - Tribology.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2509–03.
This test method was adopted as an ASTM-IP Standard.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2509. Original adjunct produced in 1972.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2509–03 (2008)
FIG. 1 Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar
3.2.1 OK value, n—the maximum mass (weight) added to the load lever mass (weight) pan, at which no scoring or seizure
occurs.
3.2.2 score value, n—theminimummass(weight)addedtotheloadlevermass(weight)pan,atwhichscoringorseizureoccurs.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The tester is operated with a steel test cup rotating against a steel test block. The rotating speed is 123.71 6 0.77 m/min
(405.88 6 2.54 ft/min) which is equivalent to a spindle speed of 800 6 5 rpm. Grease samples are brought to and applied at 24
6 6°C (75 6 10°F).
4.2 Two determinations are made: the minimum load (score value) that will rupture the lubricant film being tested between the
rotating cup and the stationary block and cause abrasion; and the maximum load (OK value) at which the rotating cup will not
rupture the lubricant film and cause abrasion between the rotating cup and the stationary block.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The test method is used widely for specification purposes and is used to differentiate between greases having low, medium,
or high levels of extreme pressure characteristics. The results may not correlate with results from service.
6. Apparatus and Materials
6.1 Timken Extreme Pressure Tester , described in detail in Annex A1 and illustrated in Fig. 2.
6.2 Sample Feed Devices, for supplying the test specimens with grease are described in Annex A1.
6.3 Loading Mechanism, for applying and removing the load mass (weight) without shock at the uniform rate 0.91 to 1.36 kg/s
(2 to 3 lb/s). A detailed description is given in Annex A1.
3 ,4
6.4 Test Cups, of carburized steel, having a Rockwell Hardness C Scale Number of 58 to 62, or aVickers Hardness Number
of 653 to 746.The cups have a width of 13.06 6 0.05 mm (0.514 6 0.002 in.), a perimeter of 154.51 6 0.23 mm (6.083 6 0.009
in.), a diameter of 49.22 +0.025, −0.127 mm (1.938 +0.001, −0.005 in.), and a maximum radial run-out of 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.).
The axial surface roughness should lie between 0.51 and 0.76 µm (20 and 30 µin.) C.L.A.
Glossy prints of Fig. 1 are available from ASTM. Request Adjunct No. ADJD2509.
The sole source of supply of the test cups known to the committee at this time is Falex Corporation, 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL, 60554-9585 under Part No.
F-25061.
Available from the Falex Corp. 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554 under Part No. F-25061.
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D2509–03 (2008)
FIG. 2 Timken Tester
,
6.5 Test BlocksTest Blocks with test surfaces 12.32 6 0.10 mm (0.485 6 0.004 in.) wide and 19.05 6 0.41 mm (0.750 6
0.016 in.) long, of carburized steel, having a Rockwell Hardness C Scale Number of 58 to 62, or a Vickers Hardness Number of
653to746.Eachblockissuppliedwithfourgroundfacesandthesurfaceroughnessshouldliebetween0.51and0.76µm(20and
30 µin.) C.L.A.
,
6.6 Microscope,, low-power (503 to 603), having sufficient clearance under objective to accommodate the test block. It
should be fitted with a filar micrometer so that the scar width may be measured with an accuracy of 60.05 mm (60.002 in.).
6.7 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.
7. Reagents
7.1 Acetone, conforming to Specification D329.
NOTE1—Warning:Extremely flammable. Vapors can cause flash fire.
7.2, reagent grade, minimum purity. (Warning—Extremely flammable. Vapors can cause flash fire.)
7.2 Stoddard Solvent,conformingtoSpecificationD235.(WhiteSpiritconformingtoBritishStandard245,TypeI,isconsidered
a functionally equivalent material.)
Available from Falex Corp. under Part No. F-25001.
The sole source of supply of the test blocks known to the committee at this time is Falex Corporation, 1020Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL, 60554-9585 under Part No.
F-25001.
Falex Corp. is a satisfactory source of supply.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Falex Corporation, 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL, 60554-9585.
D2509–03 (2008)
FIG. 2 Timken Tester (continued)
NOTE2—Warning:Combustible. Vapor harmful. , also known as Mineral Spirits, reagent grade. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 CleantheapparatuswithStoddardsolvent(Warning—SeeNote2andacetone(see7.1.)andacetone(Warning—SeeNote
17.2.)), and blow dry. Shield the sump outlet and disconnect the oil pump to eliminate wear on the unused pump. Replace the oil
reservoir with the grease feed device.
8.2 Select a new test cup and block, wash with Stoddard solvent, and dry with a clean soft cloth or paper. Immediately before
use rinse the test cup and block with acetone and blow them dry. Do not use solvents such as carbon tetrachloride or others that
may inherently possess load-carrying properties which may affect the results.
8.3 Assemble the tester carefully (Fig. 3), placing the test cup on the spindle and making certain that it is well seated, drawing
FIG. 3 Assembly of Tester Showing Test Pieces
D2509–03 (2008)
it up firmly but avoiding possible distortion from excessive tightening (Note 31). Place the test block in the test block holder and
adjusttheleverssothatalltheknifeedgesareinproperalignment.Exercisespecialcareinplacingthestirrupofthespring-weight
platform assembly (selection of which will depend on the loading device) in the groove of the load-lever arm to avoid premature
shock to the test block when the load is applied. To ensure the test block, test block holder, and lever arms are properly aligned
and seated, coat the test block and test cup with the grease to be tested, and rotate the machine slowly for a few revolutions either
by hand or by suitable control mechanism. If the parts are in alignment, the grease will be wiped off the cup over its entire width.
NOTE3—At 1—At this point it is recommended that a dial indicator be used to check that the radial run-out of the cup in situ does not exceed 0.001
in. (0.025 mm) total indicator movement.
9. Procedure
9.1 Bringthegreaseto24 66°C(75 610°F).Fillthegrease-feedingdevicewithgrease,avoidingtheinclusionofairbubbles.
Apply a film of grease to the test cup and block and thoroughly grease the guide bushing with the test grease. Do not heat the
grease.
9.2 Apply the grease at 25 6 6°C (75 6 10°F) to the test block through the grease-feed mechanism at the uniform rate of 45
6 9 g/min (0.1 6 0.02 lb/min). Start the motor and run for 30 s to break-in. If the equipment used is equipped with acceleration
control, start the motor and increase the spindle speed gradually to achieve 800 6 5 rpm after 15 s. Run for a further 15 s to
complete the break-in.
9.3 After the break-in period of 30 s, start the timer and apply at 8.9 to 13.3 N/s (2 to 3 lbf/s), a load of 133.4 N (30 lbf). (A
starting load of 133.4 N (30 lbf/s) is recommended. The load lever arm, spring, and mass (weight) carrier assembly are not
considered part of the applied load.) Then allow the machine to run at 800 6 5 rpm for 10 min 6 15 s after load application is
initiated,unlessascoreisdetectedbeforethatperiod.Excessivenoiseandfluctuationsinthespindlespeedindicatescoringofthe
test components. Stop the machine at once, turn off the supply of grease lubricant, and remove the load.
9.4 If,aftertheloadhasbeenapplied,scoringisevidentbyvibrationornoise,stopthetesteratonce,removetheload,andturn
off the flow of lubricant. Since the excessive heat developed with deep scoring may alter the surface characteristics of the entire
block, discard the test block.
NOTE4— (Warning:Warning—The machine and test pieces may be hot at this point and care should be exercised in their handling.)
9.5 If no scoring is detected, allow the tester to run for 10 min 6 15 s from the start of the application of the load.At the end
of the 10 min 6 15 s period, reverse the loading device and remove the load from the lever arm. Turn off the motor, allow the
spindle to come to rest, then turn off the flow of grease. Remove the load lever and inspect the condition of the test block surface.
The lubricant has failed at the imposed load if the wear scar indicates any scoring or welding.
NOTE 52—Microscopical observations should not be used to define if scoring has occurred, but a skilled operator may use a microscope to examine
the wear scar for further information.
9.6 If no score is observed, turn the test block to expose a new surface of contact and, with a new test cup, repeat the test with
a load 44.5-N (10-lbf) heavier and in successive tests increase it in 44.5-N (10-lbf) increments until a load that produces a score
is reached. At this point decrease the load by 22.2 N (5 lbf) for the final determination.
9.7 Ifascoreisproducedatthe133.4-N(30-lbf)load,reducetheloadby26.7-N(6-lbf)decrementsuntilnoscoringisrealized.
At this point, increase the load by 13.3 N (3 lbf) for the final determination.
9.8 When the wear scar evidence at any load stage makes the definition of the onset of scoring questionable, repeat the test at
the same load. If the second test produces a score, record a score rating for this load. Similarly, if the second test produces no
scoring, record a no score rating. If the second test again yields a questionable result, simply withhold judgment of the rating at
this load stage and test the grease at the immediately next higher and lower load stages. Then assign a rating to the load stage in
question which is identical to the rating obtained at the immediately next higher load stage employed (see Annex A2).
NOTE6—Two 3—Two other procedures that may be conducted with this apparatus are described by Appendix X1 , Procedure for Determination of
Friction, and and Appendix X2, Procedure for Measurement of Resistance to Wear or Abrasive Properties, or Both. .
10. Calculation and Report
10.1 Report the OK and score values in terms of the masses (weights) placed on the mass (weight) pan hanging from the end
oftheload-leverarm;donotincludethemass(weight)ofthepanassembly.Reportthevaluesinmultiplesof2.27kg(5lb)above
13.71 kg (30 lb) and in multiples of
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