ASTM D2509-03

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method is used widely for specification purposes and is used to differentiate between greases having low, medium, or high levels of extreme pressure characteristics. The results may not correlate with results from service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-2003
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.G0.04 - Functional Tests - Tribology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2509-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D2509-03(2008) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6185-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Binary Mixtures of Lubricating Greases
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2782-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Timken Method)
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2596-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D2509–03
Designation: 326/83(88)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating
1
Grease (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Whenthelubricantfilmissubstantially
maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-
when there is a breakdown of the lubricant film, scoring or
carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the
2
surfacefailureofthetestblocktakesplaceasshowninFig.1.
Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
Initssimplestandrecognizedform,scoringischaracterizedby
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
a wide scar on the test block and by the transfer of metal from
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
thetestblocktothecontactingsurfaceofthetestcup.Theform
only.
of surface failure more usually encountered, however, consists
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of a comparatively smooth scar, which shows local damage
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
that usually extends beyond the width of the scar. Scratches or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
striationsthatoccurinanotherwisesmoothscarandthatdonot
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
extend beyond the width of the scar are not considered scoring
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
in this test method.
warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
3.1.3 seizure or welding, n—localized fusion of rubbing
2. Referenced Documents
metal, usually indicated by streaks of transferred metal, in-
creased friction and wear, or unusual noise and vibration.
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:
3.1.4 wear, n—theremovalofmetalfromarubbingsurface
ADJD2509, Glossy Prints of Test Blocks Showing Various
2
by mechanical action, or by a combination of mechanical and
Types of Scar
chemical actions.
3. Terminology
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 OK value, n—the maximum mass (weight) added to
3.1 Definitions:
the load lever mass (weight) pan, at which no scoring or
3.1.1 load-carrying capacity, of a lubricating grease,
seizure occurs.
n—the maximum load or pressure that can be sustained by a
3.2.2 score value, n—the minimum mass (weight) added to
lubricating grease without failure of the sliding contact sur-
the load lever mass (weight) pan, at which scoring or seizure
faces as evidenced by seizure or welding.
occurs.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Thevaluesofloadcarryingcapacityof
a lubricating grease vary according to test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1.2 scoring, in tribology, n—a severe form of wear
4.1 The tester is operated with a steel test cup rotating
characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and
against a steel test block. The rotating speed is 123.71 6 0.77
scratches in the direction of sliding.
m/min (405.88 6 2.54 ft/min) which is equivalent to a spindle
speed of 800 6 5 rpm. Grease samples are brought to and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
applied at 24 6 6°C (75 6 10°F).
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
4.2 Two determinations are made: the minimum load (score
D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.
value) that will rupture the lubricant film being tested between
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2509–93(1998).
the rotating cup and the stationary block and cause abrasion;
This test method was adopted as an ASTM-IP Standard.
and the maximum load (OK value) at which the rotating cup
2
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
ADJD2509.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D2509–03
FIG. 1 Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar
will not rupture the lubricant film and cause abrasion between 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.). The axial surface roughness should lie
the rotating cup and the stationary block. between 0.51 and 0.76 µm (20 and 30 µin.) C.L.A.
4,5
6.5 Test Blocks with test surfaces 12.32 6 0.10 mm
5. Significance and Use
(0.485 60.004in.)wideand19.05 60.41mm(0.750 60.016
in.) long, of carburized steel, having a Rockwell Hardness C
5.1 The test method
...