ASTM D2782-20

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Timken Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used widely for the determination of extreme pressure properties for specification purposes. Users are cautioned to carefully consider the precision and bias statements herein when establishing specification limits.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating fluids by means of the Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for testing fluids having a viscosity of less than about 5000 cSt (5000 mm2/s) at 40 °C. For testing fluids having a higher viscosity, refer to Note 5 in 9.1.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Because the equipment used in this test method is available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted when referring to the equipment and the test specimens.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.4, and 9.9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2020
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.11 - Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2782 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating
1
Fluids (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-
3. Terminology
carrying capacity of lubricating fluids by means of theTimken
Extreme Pressure Tester.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 extreme pressure (EP) additive, n—in a lubricant,a
NOTE 1—This test method is suitable for testing fluids having a
2
substance that minimizes damage to metal surfaces in contact
viscosity of less than about 5000cSt (5000mm /s) at 40°C. For testing
fluids having a higher viscosity, refer to Note 5 in 9.1.
under high-stress rubbing conditions. D4175
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any substance interposed between two
standard. Because the equipment used in this test method is
surfaces for the purpose of reducing friction or wear between
available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted when
them. G40
referring to the equipment and the test specimens.
3.1.3 scoring, n—in tribology, a severe form of wear char-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
acterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in the direction of sliding. G40
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 wear, n—damage to a solid surface generally involv-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ingprogressivelossofmaterial,duetorelativemotionbetween
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that surface and a contacting substance or substances. G40
Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.4,
and 9.9. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.1 load-carrying capacity of a lubricant, n—as deter-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mined by this test method, the maximum load or pressure that
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
can be sustained by the lubricant (when used in the given
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
system under specific conditions) without failure of the sliding
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
contact surfaces as evidenced by scoring or seizure or asperity
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
welding.
3.2.2 OK value, n—as determined by this test method, the
2. Referenced Documents
maximummass(weight)addedtotheloadleverweightpan,at
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
which no scoring or seizure occurs.
D2509Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying
3.2.3 score value, n—as determined by this test method, the
Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
minimum mass (weight) added to the load lever weight pan, at
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
which scoring or seizure occurs.
Fuels, and Lubricants
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Whenthelubricantfilmissubstantially
maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but
1 when there is a breakdown of the lubricant film, scoring or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
surface failure of the test block takes place, as shown in Figs.
Subcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and
1 and 2. In its simplest and most recognized form, scoring is
Lubricates.
characterizedbythefurrowedappearanceofawidescaronthe
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally
test block and by excessive pick-up of metal on the surface of
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2782–17. DOI:
10.1520/D2782-20.
the test cup. The form of surface failure more usually
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
encountered, however, consists of a comparatively smooth
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
scar, which shows local damage that usually extends beyond
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the width of the scar. Scratches or striations that occur in an
*A Summary of Changes se
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2782 − 17 D2782 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating
1
Fluids (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating fluids by means of the Timken Extreme
Pressure Tester.
2
NOTE 1—This test method is suitable for testing fluids having a viscosity of less than about 5000 cSt (5000 mm /s) at 40 °C. For testing fluids having
a higher viscosity, refer to Note 5 in 9.1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Because the equipment used in this test method is available only
in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted when referring to the equipment and the test specimens.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.4, and 9.9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2509 Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Photograph of Test Blocks Showing Scars
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 extreme pressure (EP) additive, n, n—in a lubricant—in a lubricant, a substance that minimizes damage to metal surfaces
in contact under high-stress rubbing conditions. D4175
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2020. Published December 2017October 2020. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20142017
ε1
as D2782 – 02 (2014)D2782 – 17. . DOI: 10.1520/D2782-17.10.1520/D2782-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2782 − 20
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any substance interposed between two surfaces for the purpose of reducing friction or wear between them. G40
3.1.3 scoring, n, n—in tribology—in tribology, a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and
scratches in the direction of sliding. G40
3.1.4 wear, n—damage to a solid surface generally involving progressive loss of material, due to relative motion between that
surface and a contacting substance or substances. G40
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 load-carrying capacity of a lubricant—lubricant, n—as determined by this test method, the maximum load or pressure that
can be sustained by the lubricant (when used in the given system under specific conditions) without failure of the sliding contact
surfaces as evidenced by scoring or seizure or asperity welding.
3.2.2 OK value, n—as determined by this test method, the maximum mass (weight) added to the load lever weight pan, at which
no scoring or seizure occurs.
3.2.3 score value, n—as determined by this test method, the minimum mass (weight) added to the load lever weight pan, at which
scoring or seizure occurs.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
When the lubricant film is substantially maintained, a smooth scar is obtaine
...