ASTM D4742-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to evaluate oxidation stability of lubricating base oils with additives in the presence of chemistries similar to those found in gasoline engine service. Test results on some ASTM reference oils have been found to correlate with sequence IIID engine test results in hours for a 375 % viscosity increase. The test does not constitute a substitute for engine testing, which measures wear, oxidation stability, volatility, and deposit control characteristics of lubricants. Properly interpreted, the test may provide input on the oxidation stability of lubricants under simulated engine chemistry.
This test method is intended to be used as a bench screening test and quality control tool for lubricating base oil manufacturing, especially for re-refined lubricating base oils. This test method is useful for quality control of oxidation stability of re-refined oils from batch to batch.
This test method is useful for screening formulated oils prior to engine tests. Within similar additive chemistry and base oil types, the ranking of oils in this test appears to be predictive of ranking in engine tests. When oils having completely different additive chemistry or base oil type are compared, oxidation stability results may not reflect the actual engine test result.
Other oxidation stability test methods have demonstrated that soluble metal catalyst supplies are very inconsistent and they have significant effects on the test results. Thus, for test comparisons, the same source and same batch of metal naphthenates shall be used.
Note 2—It is also recommended as a good research practice not to use different batches of the fuel component in test comparisons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at 160°C, utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water in a partial simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method can be used for engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4 mm2/s (cSt) to 21 mm2/s (cSt) at 100°C, including re-refined oils.
1.2 This test method is not a substitute for the engine testing of an engine oil in established engine tests, such as Sequence IIID.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7 and 8.
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Designation: D4742 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by
1
Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4742; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
by Potentiometric Titration
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
160°C,utilizesahighpressurereactorpressurizedwithoxygen
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
in a partial simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be
Petroleum Products
subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
can be used for engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4
2 2
mm /s (cSt) to 21 mm /s (cSt) at 100°C, including re-refined
3. Terminology
oils.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 Thistestmethodisnotasubstitutefortheenginetesting
3.1.1 break point—the precise point of time at which rapid
of an engine oil in established engine tests, such as Sequence
oxidation of the oil begins.
IIID.
3.1.2 oxidation induction time—the time until the oil begins
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
to oxidize at a relatively rapid rate as indicated by the decrease
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
of oxygen pressure.
information purposes only.
3.1.3 oxygen uptake—oxygen absorbed by oil as a result of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
oil oxidation.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Thetestoilismixedinaglasscontainerwiththreeother
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
liquids that are used to simulate engine conditions: (1)an
warning statements, see Sections 7 and 8.
oxidized/nitrated fuel component (AnnexA2), (2) a mixture of
2. Referenced Documents solublemetalnaphthenates(lead,copper,iron,manganese,and
2 tin naphthenates (Annex A3)), and (3) Type II reagent water.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The glass container holding the oil mixture is placed in
A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for
a high pressure reactor equipped with a pressure gauge. The
Forging
high pressure reactor is sealed, charged with oxygen to a
B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
pressure of 620 kPa (90 psig), and placed in an oil bath at
Bar, Rod, and Wire
160°Catanangleof30°fromthehorizontal.Thehighpressure
reactor is rotated axially at a speed of 100 r/min forming a thin
film of oil within the glass container resulting in a relatively
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
large oil-oxygen contact area.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0G on Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils.
NOTE 1—A pressure sensing device can be used in place of a pressure
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
gauge.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4742–02a. DOI:
10.1520/D4742-08.
4.3 The pressure of the high pressure reactor is recorded
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
continuously from the beginning of the test and the test is
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
terminated when a rapid decrease of the high pressure reactor
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. pressure is observed (Point B, Fig. A1.2). The period of time
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4742 – 08
FIG. 1 Schematic Drawing of Oxidation Test Apparatus
that elapses between the time when the high pressure reactor is 5.3 This test method is useful for screening formulated oils
placed in the oil bath and the time at which the pressure begins prior to engine tests. Within similar additive chemistry and
to decrease rapidly is called the oxidation induction time
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4742–02a Designation: D 4742 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by
1
Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4742; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at 160°C,
utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water in a partial
simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method can be used for
2 2
engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4 mm /s (cSt) to 21 mm /s (cSt) at 100°C, including re-refined oils.
1.2 Thistestmethodisnotasubstitutefortheenginetestingofanengineoilinestablishedenginetests,suchasSequenceIIID.
1.3 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformation
purposes only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7 and 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for Forging
B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 break point—the precise point of time at which rapid oxidation of the oil begins.
3.1.2 oxidation induction time—the time until the oil begins to oxidize at a relatively rapid rate as indicated by the decrease of
oxygen pressure.
3.1.3 oxygen uptake—oxygen absorbed by oil as a result of oil oxidation.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test oil is mixed in a glass container with three other liquids that are used to simulate engine conditions: ( 1)an
oxidized/nitrated fuel component (AnnexA2), (2) a mixture of soluble metal naphthenates (lead, copper, iron, manganese, and tin
naphthenates (Annex A3)), and (3) Type II reagent water.
4.2 The glass container holding the oil mixture is placed in a high pressure reactor equipped with a pressure gauge. The high
pressure reactor is sealed, charged with oxygen to a pressure of 620 kPa (90 psig), and placed in an oil bath at 160°C at an angle
of 30° from the horizontal. The high pressure reactor is rotated axially at a speed of 100 r/min forming a thin film of oil within
the glass container resulting in a relatively large oil-oxygen contact area.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.09 on
Oxidation.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originally published as D4742–88. Last previous edition D4742–02.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.09.0G
on Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4742–02a.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 01.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4742–08
NOTE 1—A pressure sensing device can be used in place of a pressure gauge.
4.3 The
...
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