ASTM E1300-00
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings
Standard Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure to determine the load resistance of specified glass types, including combinations of glass types used in a sealed insulating glass unit, exposed to a uniform lateral load of short or long duration, for a specified probability of breakage.
1.2 This practice is applicable to common architectural designs only for which the specified design loads are less than or equal to 10 kPa (210 psf).
1.3 This practice can only be applied to monolithic, laminated, or insulating glass of rectangular shape with continuous lateral support of all four edges. This practice assumes that the edges of the glass are simply supported and free to slip in plane.
1.4 This practice is applicable to annealed, heat strengthened, fully tempered, laminated, and insulating glass units as defined in 3.2.4. This practice is not applicable to any form of wired, patterned, etched, sandblasted, or types of glass with surface treatments that reduce the glass strength.
1.5 This practice only addresses the determination of the resistance of glass to uniform lateral loads. The final thickness and type of glass selected also depends upon a variety of other factors (see 5.3).
1.6 Two procedures are presented which allow the approximate center of glass lateral deflection to be calculated (see Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 ). A procedure is also presented to calculate the probability of breakage of any annealed lite or ply (see Appendix X3 ), for short or long duration loads.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. For conversion of quantities in various systems of measurements to SI units refer to Practice E380.
1.8 Appendix X4 lists the key variables used in calculating the mandatory type factors in and comments on their conservative values.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
An American National Standard
Designation: E 1300 – 00
Standard Practice for
Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This practice covers a procedure to determine the load
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
resistance of specified glass types, including combinations of
glass types used in a sealed insulating glass unit, exposed to a
2. Referenced Documents
uniform lateral load of short or long duration, for a specified
2.1 ASTM Standards:
probability of breakage.
C1036 Specification for Flat Glass
1.2 This practice is applicable to common architectural
C1048 Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass-Kind HS,
designs only for which the specified design loads are less than
Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass
or equal to 10 kPa (210 psf).
E380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units
1.3 This practice can only be applied to monolithic, lami-
(SI) (the Modernized Metric System)
nated, or insulating glass of rectangular shape with continuous
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
lateral support of all four edges.This practice assumes that the
2.2 ASCE Standard:
edges of the glass are simply supported and free to slip in
ASCE7-95 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
plane.
Other Structures
1.4 This practice is applicable to annealed, heat strength-
ened, fully tempered, laminated, and insulating glass units as
3. Terminology
defined in 3.2.4. This practice is not applicable to any form of
3.1 Definitions:
wired, patterned, etched, sandblasted, or types of glass with
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology E631 for additional terms used
surface treatments that reduce the glass strength.
in this practice.
1.5 This practice only addresses the determination of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
resistance of glass to uniform lateral loads. The final thickness
3.2.1 aspect ratio (AR), n—the ratio of the long dimension
and type of glass selected also depends upon a variety of other
of the glass to the short dimension of the glass. AR is always
factors (see 5.3).
equal to or greater than 1.0.
1.6 Two procedures are presented which allow the approxi-
3.2.2 flexibility ratio (b/t), n—the ratio of the short dimen-
mate center of glass lateral deflection to be calculated (see
sion of the laminated glass lite to the laminated glass thickness
AppendixX1andAppendixX2).Aprocedureisalsopresented
designation given in Table 5 of this specification.
to calculate the probability of breakage of any annealed lite or
3.2.3 glass breakage, n—the fracture of any lite or ply in
ply (see Appendix X3), for short or long duration loads.
monolithic,laminated,orinsulatingglassduetostressfroman
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
applied uniform lateral load.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.4 Glass Thickness:
only. For conversion of quantities in various systems of
3.2.4.1 designated thickness for laminated glass (LG),
measurements to SI units refer to Practice E380.
n—the designated thickness for LG shall be as specified in
1.8 Appendix X4 lists the key variables used in calculating
Table 5.
the mandatory type factors in Tables 1-4 and comments on
3.2.4.2 designated thickness for monolithic glass, n—the
their conservative values.
designated or nominal thickness commonly used in specifying
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a particular glass product, based on the minimum thicknesses
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
presented in Table 6 and Specification C1036.
1 2
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE-6onPerformance Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
ofBuildingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE06.51onComponent Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally Available from American Society of Civil Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New
published as E1300–89. Last previous edition E1300–98. York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1300–00
TABLE 1 Glass Type (GT) Factors for a Single Lite of Monolithic
or sealed IG unit of a specified type, can carry for a given
or Laminated Glass for Short Duration Load
probability of breakage.
Short Duration Load
(a) Discussion—Multiplying the non-factored load from
Laminated
figures in Annex A1, by the relevant GT and LS factors gives
Monolithic AR# 2.0 AR>2.0
the load resistance for 8 in 1000 breakage probability.
and b/t > 150 or b/t# 150
AN 1.0 0.90 0.75
3.2.8.3 long duration load, n—any load lasting approxi-
HS 2.0 1.8 1.5
mately 30 days.
FT 4.0 3.6 3.0
3.2.8.4 non-factored load (NFL), n—sixty second duration
uniform load associated with a probability of breakage of 8
lites per thousand for monolithic annealed glass as determined
TABLE 2 Glass Type (GT) Factors for a Single Lite of Monolithic
or Laminated Glass for Long Duration Load
from the figures in Annex A1.
Long Duration Load 3.2.8.5 short duration load, n—anyloadlasting60sorless.
Laminated
3.2.9 load share (LS) factor, n—a multiplying factor de-
Monolithic
AR#2.5 AR>2.5
rived from the load sharing between the two lites, of equal or
AN 0.6 0.45 0.30
HS 1.6 1.2 0.80 different thicknesses and types (including the layered behavior
FT 3.6 2.7 1.8
of laminated glass under long duration loads), in a sealed IG
unit.
3.2.9.1 Discussion—The LS factor is used along with the
3.2.4.3 minimum thickness of monolithic glass, n—themini-
glass type factor (GT) and the value (NFL) from the non-
mum allowable thickness associated with a nominal or desig-
factored load charts to give the load resistance of the IG unit,
nated glass thickness as given in Table 6 and Specification
based on the resistance to breakage of one specific lite only.
C1036.
3.2.10 probability of breakage (P ), n—the theoretical frac-
b
3.2.4.4 monolithic glass thickness, n—the thickness of
tion of glass lites or plies that would break at the first
monolithic glass determined through measurement.
occurrence of the resistance load, typically expressed in lites
3.2.5 Glass Types:
per thousand.
3.2.5.1 annealed (AN) glass, n—a flat, monolithic, glass
3.2.11 specifying authority, n—the designer responsible for
plate of uniform thickness; it is formed by a process whereby
interpretinglocal,state,andfederalbuildingcodesandrespon-
the magnitudes of the residual stresses are nearly zero.
sible for considering appropriate site specific factors on behalf
3.2.5.2 fully tempered (FT) glass, n—a flat, monolithic,
of an architect, engineer or owner, in order to determine the
glass plate of uniform thickness.
appropriate values to be used to calculate the specified design
(a) Discussion—Fully tempered glass has been subjected to
load and for furnishing all other information required to
a special heat treatment process whereby the residual surface
perform this practice.
compression is not less than 69 MPa (10000 psi) or the edge
4. Summary of Practice
compression not less than 67 MPa (9700 psi) as defined in
Specification C1048.
4.1 The specifying authority shall provide the specified
3.2.5.3 heat strengthened (HS) glass, n—a flat, monolithic,
design load (shall be not more than 10 kPa, or 210 psf), the
glass plate of uniform thickness.
rectangular glass dimensions, the type of glass required, and a
(a) Discussion—Heatstrengthenedglasshasbeensubjected
statement, or details, showing that the framing system is stiff
toaspecialheattreatmentprocesswherebytheresidualsurface
enough to meet the requirements of this practice (see 5.2.4).
compression is not less than 24 MPa (3500 psi) or greater than
4.2 The procedure specified in this practice is used to
69 MPa (10000 psi), or the edge compression is not less than
determine the uniform lateral load resistance of a glazing
38 MPa (5500 psi) as defined in Specification C1048.
assembly. If the load resistance is less than the specified load,
3.2.5.4 insulating glass (IG) unit, n—consists of any com-
then other glass types and thicknesses can be evaluated to find
bination of two glass lites, as defined herein, that enclose a
asuitableassemblywhoseloadresistanceexceedsthespecified
sealed space filled with air or other gas.
load.
3.2.5.5 laminated glass (LG), n—a flat-plate of uniform
4.3 Two procedures that can be used to determine the
thickness that is fabricated by bonding two monolithic glass
approximate center of glass lateral deflection for a specified
plates or plies of equal thickness, as defined herein, together
load are presented in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.
with a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer.
4.4 Anoptionalprocedurefordeterminingtheprobabilityof
3.2.6 glass type (GT) factor, n—a multiplying factor for
breakage at a given load is presented in Appendix X3.
annealed,heatstrengthened,fullytemperedorlaminatedglass,
5. Significance and Use
used with the non-factored load charts.
3.2.7 lateral, adj—perpendicular to the glass surface. 5.1 This practice can be used to determine the load resis-
3.2.8 load, n—a uniformly distributed lateral pressure. tance of specified glass types, including combinations of glass
3.2.8.1 specified design load, n—the magnitude in kPa types used in sealed insulating glass units, exposed to uniform
(psf), type (for example, wind or snow) and duration of the lateral loads, of short or long duration.
load given by the specifying authority. 5.2 Use of this practice assumes:
3.2.8.2 load resistance (LR), or resistance load, n—the 5.2.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properly
uniform lateral load that a single glass lite of a specified type glazed,
E1300–00
TABLE 3 Glass Type (GT) Factors for Insulating Glass (IG), Short Duration Load
Short Duration Load
A B
Lite No. 1 Lite No. 2
Laminated Glass
Monolithic Monolithic Glass
AR# 2.0 and b/t > 150 AR > 2.0 or b/t# 150
Glass
AN HS FT AN/AN HS/HS FT/FT AN/AN HS/HS FT/FT
GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2
AN 0.90 0.90 1.0 1.9 1.0 3.8 0.95 0.86 1.0 1.7 1.0 3.4 0.95 0.71 1.0 1.4 1.0 2.9
HS 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.8 1.9 0.86 1.9 1.7 1.9 3.4 1.9 0.71 1.9 1.4 1.9 2.9
FT 3.6 3.6 3.8 0.86 3.8 1.7 3.8 3.4 3.8 0.71 3.8 1.4 3.8 2.9
A
Lite No. 1 Monolithic.
B
Lite No. 2 Monolithic or Laminated.
TABLE 4 Glass Type (GT) Factors for IG, Long Duration Load
Long Duration Load
A B
Lite No. 1 Lite No. 2
Monolithic Glass Monolithic Glass Laminated Glass
AN HS FT AN/AN HS/HS FT/FT
GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2 GT1 GT2
AN 0.54 0.54 0.6 1.5 0.6 3.4 0.57 0.57 0.60 1.5 0.60 3.4
HS 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.4 1.5 0.57 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.4
FT 3.4 3.4 3.4 0.57 3.4 1.5 3.4 3.4
A
Lite No. 1 Monolithic.
B
Lite No. 2 Monolithic or Laminated.
TABLE 5 Thickness Designations for Laminated Glass TABLE 6 Minimum Glass Thicknesses
Laminated Glass Laminated Glass Nominal Nominal
Laminated Glass Minimum Minimum
Construction Nominal Thickness Designation for Thickness or Thickness or
Industry Thickness, mm Thickness, in.
Thicknesses (mm) Use in Practice E 1300, Designation, mm Designation, in.
Designation, mm (in.)
A
Glass/PVB Glass mm (in.)
2.5 ⁄32 2.16 0.085
3 3
5( ⁄16) 2.5/0.38/2.5 5 ( ⁄16) 2.7 lami 2.59 0.102
3 1
5( ⁄16) 2.5/0.76/2.5 3.0 ⁄8 2.92 0.115
1 1 5
6( ⁄4) 2.7/0.76/2.7 6 ( ⁄4)
4.0 ⁄32 3.78 0.149
1 3
6( ⁄4) 3/0.76/3 5.0 ⁄16 4.57 0.180
1 1
6( ⁄4) 3/1.52/3 6.0 ⁄4 5.56 0.219
5 5 5
8( ⁄16) 4/0.76/4 8 ( ⁄16) 8.0 ⁄16 7.42 0.292
3 3 3
10 ( ⁄8) 5/0.76/5 10 ( ⁄8) 10.0 ⁄8 9.02 0.355
11 ( ⁄16) 5/1.52/5 12.0 ⁄2 11.91 0.469
1 1 5
12 ( ⁄2) 6/0.76/6 12 ( ⁄2) 16.0 ⁄8 15.09 0.595
9 3
13 ( ⁄16) 6/1.52/6
19.0 ⁄4 18.26 0.719
5 5 7
16 ( ⁄8) 8/0.76/8 16 ( ⁄8) 22.0 ⁄8 21.44 0.844
3 3
19 ( ⁄4) 10/0.76/10 19 ( ⁄4)
A
0.38 mm = 0.015 in., 0.76 mm = 0.030 in., 1.52 mm = 0.060 in.
federal, state, and local building codes along with criteria
5.2.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse,
presentedinsafetyglazingstandardsandsitespecificconcerns
5.2.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glass
may control the ultimate glass type and thickness selection.
thathasbeeninserviceforseveralyears,thatis,glassthatmay
be significantly weaker than freshly manufactured glass due to
6. Procedure
minor abrasions on exposed surfaces,
6.1 Select a glass type, thickness, and construction for
5.2.4 The framing system in which the glass is to be
load-resistance evaluation.
installedissufficientlystifftolimitthelateraldeflectionsofthe
edges of the glass to less than ⁄175 of their lengths. The 6.2 For Monolithic Single Glazing:
6.2.1 Determine the non-factored load (NFL) from the
specified design load should be used for this calculation, and
5.2.5 The center of glass deflection will not be detrimental appropriate chart (Figs. 1-12) for the glass thickness and size.
6.2.2 Determine the glass type (GT) factor for the appropri-
to the overall performance of the glazing system.
5.3 Many other factors need to be considered in glass type ateglasstypeandloadduration(shortorlong)fromTable1or
Table 2.
and thickness selection. These factors include but are not
limited to: thermal stresses, spontaneous breakage of tempered 6.2.3 MultiplyNFLbyGTtogettheloadresistance(LR)of
glass, the effects of windborne debris, excessive deflections, the lite.
behavior of glass fragments after breakage, seismic effects, 6.3 For Single-glazed Laminated Glass Constructed of Two
heat flow, edge bite, noise abatement, potential post-breakage Glass Plies of Equal Thickness and Glass Type Bonded
consequences, etc. In addition, considerations set forth in Together with a PVB Interlayer:
E1300–00
FIG. 1 Glass Thickness Selection Chart for 2.5 mm ( ⁄32 in.) Glass
FIG. 2 Glass Thickness Selection Chart for 2.7 mm Glass
E1300–00
FIG. 3 Glass Thickness Selection Chart for 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.) Glass
FIG. 4 Glass Thickness Selection Chart for 4.0 mm ( ⁄32 in.) Glass
E1300–00
FIG. 5 Glass Thickness Selection Chart for 5.0 mm ( ⁄16 in.) Glass
FIG. 6 Glass Thickness Selection Chart for 6.0 mm ( ⁄4 in.) Glass
E1300–00
FIG. 7 Glass Thickness Selection Chart for 8.0 mm ( ⁄16 in.) Glass
FIG. 8 Glass Thickness Selection Chart for 10.0 mm ( ⁄8
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