ASTM A367-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Chill Testing of Cast Iron
Standard Test Methods of Chill Testing of Cast Iron
ABSTRACT
This test method deals with gray irons that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that are to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. The purpose of the test is to determine the chilling tendencies of cast iron. The two tests are wedge test and chill test. Both tests shall be made in a core which may either be single cores or gang cores and a pouring practice shall be performed. The wedge test is generally better adapted to the higher strength gray irons. The accelerated cooling rate that shall induce the formation of a chill shall be brought about through the design of the test specimen. The chill test is better adapted to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the casting have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this type of test shall be induced by casting one edge of the test specimen against a metal or graphite chilled plate or block. Wedge test is simpler than chill test since in the wedge test, maintenance of chill blocks or plates is not necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray irons that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that are to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. Two test methods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron are covered as follows. For many applications either test method will be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions are selected.
1.1.1 Test Method A, Wedge Test—This test is generally better adapted to the higher strength gray irons. The accelerated cooling rate to induce the formation of a chill is brought about through the design of the test specimen. This test method is simpler than Test Method B since maintenance of chill blocks or plates is not necessary.
1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill Test—This test is better adapted to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the casting is to have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this type of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimen against a metal or graphite chilled plate or block.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 The metric equivalency charts in Figs. 1 and 2 are provided for information only.
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Designation: A367 − 11
Standard Test Methods of
1
Chill Testing of Cast Iron
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A367; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope compositions, with the exception of those having silicon
contents much over 2.50 % together with carbon contents over
1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray irons
3.50 %.
thataretobefreeofchillinthecastingandtochilledironsthat
are to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. Two test
3. Test Specimens
methods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron are
3.1 The patterns for the test specimens shall be made of
covered as follows. For many applications either test method
metal to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1.With the exception of
will be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions are
the length of the test specimen, dimensions shall not vary more
selected.
1
than 6 ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm). The tolerance on the length of the
1.1.1 Test Method A, Wedge Test—This test is generally
1
specimen shall be 6 ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm). The radius on the apex of
betteradaptedtothehigherstrengthgrayirons.Theaccelerated
1
the wedge should be formed by filing a ⁄32-in. flat on the sharp
cooling rate to induce the formation of a chill is brought about
edgeofthemetalpatternandthencarefullyroundingtheedges
through the design of the test specimen. This test method is
1
formedbythe ⁄32-in.flatandthesidesofthewedge.Ifdrafton
simpler than Test Method B since maintenance of chill blocks
the pattern is desired, it may be obtained by varying dimension
or plates is not necessary.
H (Fig. 1) from one end of the specimen to the other. The
1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill Test—This test is better adapted
pattern should be mounted in a core box so that the final core
to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the
can be poured with the wedge in such a position that its length
casting is to have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this
isvertical.Thereshallbe1-in.(25.4-mm)minimumsandatthe
type of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimen
bottom of the core.
against a metal or graphite chilled plate or block.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Procedure
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 Cores—Make the test in a core.The cores may be either
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
singlecoresorgangcores.Ifagangcoreisused, theminimum
and are not considered standard.
amount of sand between adjacent test specimens shall be not
1.2.1 The metric equivalency charts in Figs. 1 and 2 are
1
less than 2 ⁄2 × B (Fig. 1). The sand cores shall be well cured
provided for information only.
and free of moisture. The base sand shall be of such fineness
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
that a smooth casting will be obtained. A sand with an AFS
2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fineness of about 70 will be found satisfactory, although a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sandwithafinenessof100orfinermaybeusedforthesmaller
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test specimens.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 Pouring Practice—Pour all samples at as consistent a
pouring temperature as possible since the amount of chill is
TEST METHOD A—WEDGE TEST
clearly affected by the pouring temperature. Take precautions
to obtain a representative sample of iron for the test specimen.
2. Application
Best results are obtained with a sample ladle lined with a
2.1 Selection of a test specimen of appropriate dimensions
refractory mixture that is free of graphite and chilled iron. The
will allow measurement of chilling tendencies of all gray iron
ladle should hold at least 5 lb (2.3 kg) of iron in order to avoid
excessive chilling of the iron before the test specimen can be
poured. Filling the ladle once with iron just prior to obtaining
1 the sample for test is recommended.
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeA04onIron
Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved
in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A367 – 60 (2005). DOI:
2
10.1520/A0367-11. Mold & Core Test Handbook, The American Foundry Society
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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A367 − 11
Wedge Dimensions
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A367–60 (Reapproved 2005) Designation:A367–11
Standard Test Methods of
1
Chill Testing of Cast Iron
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A367; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray irons that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that are
to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. Two test methods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron are covered
as follows. For many applications either test method will be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions are selected.
1.1.1 TestMethodA,WedgeTest—This test is generally better adapted to the higher strength gray irons.The accelerated cooling
rate to induce the formation of a chill is brought about through the design of the test specimen. This test method is simpler than
Test Method B since maintenance of chill blocks or plates is not necessary.
1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill Test—This test is better adapted to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the casting
is to have a specified depth of chill.The chill in this type of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimen against a metal
or graphite chilled plate or block.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 The metric equivalency charts in Figs. 1 and 2 are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
TEST METHODA—WEDGE TEST
2. Application
2.1 Selection of a test specimen of appropriate dimensions will allow measurement of chilling tendencies of all gray iron
compositions, with the exception of those having silicon contents much over 2.50 % together with carbon contents over 3.50 %.
3. Test Specimens
3.1 The patterns for the test specimens shall be made of metal to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1. With the exception of the
1
length of the test specimen, dimensions shall not vary more than 6 ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm). The tolerance on the length of the specimen
1 1
shall be 6 ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm). The radius on the apex of the wedge should be formed by filing a ⁄32-in. flat on the sharp edge of the
1
metal pattern and then carefully rounding the edges formed by the ⁄32-in. flat and the sides of the wedge. If draft on the pattern
is desired, it may be obtained by varying dimension H (Fig. 1) from one end of the specimen to the other. The pattern should be
mounted in a core box so that the final core can be poured with the wedge in such a position that its length is vertical. There shall
be 1-in. (25.4-mm) minimum sand at the bottom of the core.
4. Procedure
4.1 Cores—Make the test in a core. The cores may be either single cores or gang cores. If a gang core is used, the minimum
1
amount of sand between adjacent test specimens shall be not less than 2 ⁄2 3 B (Fig. 1). The sand cores shall be well bakedcured
and may be either resin or oil bonded.free of moisture. The base sand shall be of such fineness that a smooth casting will be
2
obtained.Asand with anAFS fineness of about 70 will be found satisfactory, although a sand with a fineness of 100 or finer may
be used for the smaller test specimens.
4.2 Pouring Practice—Pour all samples at as consistent a pouring temperature as possible since the amount of chill is clearly
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally published 1953. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A367–60 (1999). DOI:
10.1520/A0367-60R05.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A367 – 60 (2005). DOI:
10.1520/A0367-11.
2
Foundry Sand Handbook, Am. Foundrymen’s Soc. Mold & Core Test Handbook, The American Foundry Society
Copyright © ASTM Internati
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A367 − 11 A367 − 11
Standard Test Methods of
1
Chill Testing of Cast Iron
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A367; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray irons that are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons that are
to have a specific depth of chill in the casting. Two test methods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron are covered
as follows. For many applications either test method will be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions are selected.
1.1.1 Test Method A, Wedge Test—This test is generally better adapted to the higher strength gray irons. The accelerated cooling
rate to induce the formation of a chill is brought about through the design of the test specimen. This test method is simpler than
Test Method B since maintenance of chill blocks or plates is not necessary.
1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill Test—This test is better adapted to the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if the casting
is to have a specified depth of chill. The chill in this type of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimen against a metal
or graphite chilled plate or block.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 The metric equivalency charts in Figs. 1 and 2 are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
TEST METHOD A—WEDGE TEST
2. Application
2.1 Selection of a test specimen of appropriate dimensions will allow measurement of chilling tendencies of all gray iron
compositions, with the exception of those having silicon contents much over 2.50 % together with carbon contents over 3.50 %.
3. Test Specimens
3.1 The patterns for the test specimens shall be made of metal to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1. With the exception of the
1
length of the test specimen, dimensions shall not vary more than 6 ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm). The tolerance on the length of the specimen
1 1
shall be 6 ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm). The radius on the apex of the wedge should be formed by filing a ⁄32-in. flat on the sharp edge of the
1
⁄32-in. flat and the sides of the wedge. If draft on the pattern
metal pattern and then carefully rounding the edges formed by the
is desired, it may be obtained by varying dimension H (Fig. 1) from one end of the specimen to the other. The pattern should be
mounted in a core box so that the final core can be poured with the wedge in such a position that its length is vertical. There shall
be 1-in. (25.4-mm) minimum sand at the bottom of the core.
4. Procedure
4.1 Cores—Make the test in a core. The cores may be either single cores or gang cores. If a gang core is used, the minimum
1
amount of sand between adjacent test specimens shall be not less than 2 ⁄2 × B (Fig. 1). The sand cores shall be well cured and
2
free of moisture. The base sand shall be of such fineness that a smooth casting will be obtained. A sand with an AFS fineness of
about 70 will be found satisfactory, although a sand with a fineness of 100 or finer may be used for the smaller test specimens.
4.2 Pouring Practice—Pour all samples at as consistent a pouring temperature as possible since the amount of chill is clearly
affected by the pouring temperature. Take precautions to obtain a representative sample of iron for the test specimen. Best results
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A367 – 60 (2005). DOI:
10.1520/A0367-11.
2
Mold & Core Test Handbook, The American Foundry Society
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------
...
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