ASTM D7190-10(2023)

Standard Practice to Evaluate Leaching of Water-Soluble Materials from Latex Paint Films<!--Missing unit for values in fn 3 - KF (10/23/23)--><?Pub Caret -1?>

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Surfactant staining is a common problem with exterior house paints, particularly when subjected to humid environments (such as morning dew) shortly after application.  
4.2 Interior paints used in humid areas such as kitchens and bathrooms may also experience surfactant staining.  
4.3 Leaching of water-soluble materials may be dependent on colorant dispersions that are mixed into tint base paints. Other paint components may also affect the leaching of water-soluble materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the ability of a latex paint film to resist staining caused by the leaching of water-soluble materials when contacted with water shortly after application.  
1.2 Water staining is attributed to the leaching of surfactants or other water-soluble materials from a paint film.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2023
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.42 - Architectural Coatings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7190-10(2015) - Standard Practice to Evaluate Leaching of Water-Soluble Materials from Latex Paint Films
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023

Overview

ASTM D7190-10(2023) is the internationally recognized standard practice for evaluating the leaching of water-soluble materials from latex paint films. Published by ASTM International, this standard is vital for assessing the early water resistance and surfactant staining tendencies of latex paints. Early exposure to water-such as rainfall, dew, or humidity-can cause visible staining and gloss or color differences due to the leaching of surfactants and other water-soluble components from freshly applied paint films.

This standard is widely adopted in the coatings industry to enhance the performance of both exterior and interior latex paints. By following ASTM D7190-10(2023), manufacturers, formulators, and quality assurance teams can ensure their products meet market expectations for durability and appearance.

Key Topics

• Leaching and Water Staining: This practice covers the evaluation of staining caused by the leaching of water-soluble materials, including surfactants, when the paint film is exposed to water during its early dry stage.
• Surfactant Staining: Surfactant leaching resulting in visible streaks and stains is a common concern, especially on exterior surfaces or interior spaces with high humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms.
• Test Methods: The standard specifies the use of black plastic panels and distilled water, alongside controlled film thickness and environmental conditions, for a repeatable and objective assessment process.
• Dependence on Formulation: The tendency of water-soluble material leaching can depend on factors like the type and amount of colorant dispersions, tint base selections, and other formulation variables.

Applications

ASTM D7190-10(2023) is essential in various stages of paint production and evaluation, including:

• Product Development: Paint formulators use this standard to screen new latex paint formulations for early water resistance, helping to minimize post-application defects such as water spotting and surface staining.
• Quality Control: Manufacturers can assure product consistency and meet industry or client-specific requirements by routinely testing paint batches using this practice.
• Comparative Performance Testing: The standardized procedure allows for objective comparisons between different paint products, supporting product claims regarding water resistance and stain prevention.
• Third-party Coating Certifications: Compliance with ASTM D7190-10(2023) may be required by regulatory bodies or third-party certifiers to validate the performance characteristics of architectural coatings.

Related Standards

To achieve comprehensive evaluation and compliance, ASTM D7190-10(2023) is often used alongside related standards, including:

• ASTM D1308: Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Coating Systems, offering guidelines for visual assessment after chemical exposure.
• ASTM D3924: Specification for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials, which defines environmental controls for consistent and reliable test results.

Practical Value

By adopting ASTM D7190-10(2023), professionals gain a robust and repeatable method for evaluating latex paint’s resistance to water-induced leaching. This supports better product formulations, enhances customer satisfaction, and builds a reputation for quality and reliability within the competitive coatings market. Ensuring paints meet the standard not only minimizes post-application complaints but also aligns with international principles for product safety and performance.

Keywords: latex paint, leaching test, water-soluble material leaching, surfactant staining, early water resistance, paint film, coatings industry standards, ASTM D7190, quality control, exterior and interior paint testing.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7190 − 10 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Practice to
Evaluate Leaching of Water-Soluble Materials from Latex
Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers the ability of a latex paint film to 4.1 Surfactant staining is a common problem with exterior
resist staining caused by the leaching of water-soluble materi- house paints, particularly when subjected to humid environ-
als when contacted with water shortly after application. ments (such as morning dew) shortly after application.
1.2 Water staining is attributed to the leaching of surfactants 4.2 Interior paints used in humid areas such as kitchens and
or other water-soluble materials from a paint film. bathrooms may also experience surfactant staining.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4.3 Leaching of water-soluble materials may be dependent
standard. on colorant dispersions that are mixed into tint base paints.
Other paint components may also affect the leaching of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
water-soluble materials.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 Film Applicator, suitable to obtain a wet film thickness
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- typically in the range of 125 μm to 250 μm (5 mils to 10 mils),
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- or as agreed upon between manufacturer and supplier.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6. Materials
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6.1 Black plastic panels.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.2 Distilled water.
2. Referenced Documents
6.3 Syringe, 1.0 cc.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7. Procedure
D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on
Clear and Pigmented Coating Systems
7.1 Apply the test paint along the long dimension of the
D3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
black plastic panel using the selected film applicator. Allow to
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
dry for 4 hours at standard atmospheric conditions of 23 °C 6
Materials
2 °C (73.5 ºF 6 3.5 ºF) and relative humidity of 50 % 6 5 %
as specified in Specification D3924. Use the same film thick-
3. Summary of Practice
ness when comparing a series of latex paint films.
3.1 Water droplets are placed on a paint film that is in its
7.2 Divide the test panel into three sections, labeling them 4
early stages of drying. Stains left behind are evaluated for
Hours, 1 Day, and 4 Days or times agreed upon by the
intensity and how the appearance of the coating has changed.
manufacturer and supplier. (Fig. 1)
7.3 Place a row of four droplets of distilled water at room
This practice
...