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ASTM D1404/D1404M-99(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The significance of the number of scratches as far as correlation with field performance is concerned has not been established. A particle which is abrasive to plastic will not necessarily be abrasive to steel or other bearing materials. Some correlation was obtained in that the contaminant used in Sample 3 (see 10.1.1) had a greater wear rate in a laboratory ball bearing abrasive wear test than the contaminant in Sample 2.
Note 1—The number of scratches obtained cannot be used to draw fine differences between greases, but rather, to group them into two or three general classes. One such possible division could be:
  1 ... . less than 10 scratches  2 ... . 10 to 40 scratches  3 ... . more than 40 scratches  
An advantage of this test method is that each test takes only a few minutes to run.
This test method is used for quality control and specification purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the detection and estimation of deleterious particles in lubricating grease.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all lubricating greases. It can also be used to test other semi-solid or viscous materials. Grease fillers, such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, can be tested for abrasive contaminants by first mixing them into petrolatum or grease known to be free of deleterious particles.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems could result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2003
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.G0.01 - Chemical and General Laboratory Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1404-99 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D1404/D1404M-99(2008) - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease
Effective Date
01-May-2008

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ASTM D1404/D1404M-99(2003) - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating GreaseASTM D1404/D1404M-99(2003) - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease
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ASTM D1404/D1404M-99(2003) - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D1404/D1404M–99 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
1
Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1404/D 1404M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the detection
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerformsa
and estimation of deleterious particles in lubricating grease.
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
1.2 This test method is applicable to all lubricating greases.
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
It can also be used to test other semi-solid or viscous materials.
commonly included to impart special properties.
Grease fillers, such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, can
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
be tested for abrasive contaminants by first mixing them into
posed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
petrolatum or grease known to be free of deleterious particles.
to form the product’s structure.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The solid thickener can be fibers (such
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
non-soap thickeners), which are insoluble or, at the most, only
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general
values from the two systems could result in nonconformance
requirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,
with the standard.
uniformlydispersed,andcapableofformingarelativelystable,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 deleterious particles, n—in lubricating grease, minute
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bits of solid material present as a contaminant and abrasive to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
acrylic plastic.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 A small portion of the lubricating grease sample is
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
placed between two clean, highly polished acrylic-plastic
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
plates held rigidly and parallel in metal holders. A pressure of
D 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
200 psi [1.38 MPa] is applied, and one plate is rotated 30°
Electrical Insulating Materials
relative to the other. Particles harder than the plastic and
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
exceeding in size the distance between the plates will imbed in
Products, and Lubricants
the plates and cause characteristic, arc-shaped scratches in the
3. Terminology plates.
4.2 The relative number of such solid particles can be
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D 4175.
estimated by counting the total number of arc-shaped scratches
3.1.1 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
on the two plates.
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The significance of the number of scratches as far as
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
correlation with field performance is concerned has not been
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
established. A particle which is abrasive to plastic will not
D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.
necessarily be abrasive to steel or other bearing materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 1404–99.
Some correlation was obtained in that the contaminant used in
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sample 3 (see 10.1.1) had a greater wear rate in a laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ball bearing abrasive wear test than the contaminant in Sample
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
...

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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    9 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off