ASTM C117-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-[mu]m (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-[mu]m (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: C 117 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral
Aggregates by Washing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope T11 Method of Test for Amount of Material Finer than
0.075-mm Sieve in Aggregate
1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount of
material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by
3. Summary of Test Method
washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are
3.1 A sample of the aggregate is washed in a prescribed
dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials,
manner, using either plain water or water containing a wetting
will be removed from the aggregate during the test.
agent, as specified. The decanted wash water, containing
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for
suspended and dissolved material, is passed through a 75-μm
the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent
(No. 200) sieve. The loss in mass resulting from the wash
to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-μm (No.
treatment is calculated as mass percent of the original sample
200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise speci-
and is reported as the percentage of material finer than a 75-μm
fied, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.
(No. 200) sieve by washing.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
separated from larger particles much more efficiently and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
75 μm in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method
2. Referenced Documents is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with
Test Method C 136. The results of this test method are included
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in the calculation in Test Method C 136, and the total amount
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
2 of material finer than 75 μm by washing, plus that obtained by
Aggregates
dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
2 Method C 136. Usually, the additional amount of material finer
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
than 75 μm obtained in the dry sieving process is a small
C 702 Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate to
2 amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation
Testing Size
3 should be checked. It could also be an indication of degrada-
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
tion of the aggregate.
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
4 4.2 Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer
poses
than 75 μm from the coarser material with most aggregates. In
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
some cases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles,
such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete have been extracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases,
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on
the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting
Normal Weight Aggregates.
agent in the water.
Current edition approved March 15, 1995. Published May 1995. Originally
published as C 117 – 35 T. Last previous edition C 117 – 90.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3 5
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Officials, 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 225, Washington, DC 20001.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C117–95
5. Apparatus and Materials 8. Procedure A—Washing with Plain Water
5.1 Balance—A balance or scale readable and accurate to
8.1 Dry the test sample to constant mass at a temperature of
0.1 g or 0.1 % of the test load, whichever is greater, at any
110 6 5°C (230 6 9°F). Determine the mass to the nearest
point within the range of use.
0.1 % of the mass of the test sample.
5.2 Sieves—A nest of two sieves, the lower being a 75-μm
8.2 If the applicable specification requires that the amount
(No. 200) sieve and the upper a 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve, both
passing the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve shall be determined on a
conforming to the requirements of Specification E 11.
portion of the sample passing a sieve smaller than the nominal
5.3 Container—A pan or vessel of a size sufficient to
maximum size of the aggregate, separate the sample on the
contain the sample covered with water and to permit vigorous
designated sieve and determine the mass of the material
agitation without loss of any part of the sample or water.
passing the designated sieve to 0.1 % of the mass of this
5.4 Oven—An oven of sufficient size, capable of maintain-
portion of the test sample. Use this mass as the original dry
ing a uniform temperature of 110 6 5°C (2306 9°F).
mass of the test sample in 10.1.
5.5 Wetting Agent—Any dispersing agent, such as liquid
dishwashing detergents, that will promote separation of the fine
NOTE 2—Some specifications for aggregates with a nominal maximum
size of 50 mm or greater, for example, provide a limit for material passing
materials.
the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve determined on that portion of the sample
NOTE 1—The use of a mechanical apparatus to perform the washing
passing the 25.0-mm sieve. Such procedures are necessary since it is
operation is not precluded, provided the results are consistent with those
impractical to wash samples of the size required when the same test
obtained using manual operations. The use of some mechanical washing
sample is to be used for sieve analysis by Test Method C 136.
equipment with some samples may cause degradation of the sample.
8.3 After drying and determining the mass, place the test
6. Sampling
sample in the container and add sufficient water to cover it. No
6.1 Sample the aggregate in accordance with Practice D 75. detergent, dispersing agent, or other substance shall be added
to the water. Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result
If the same test sample is to be tested for sieve analysis
according to Test Method C 136, comply with the applicable in complete separation of all particles finer than the 75-μm (No.
200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine
requirements of that test method.
material into suspension. Immediately pour the wash water
6.2 Thoroughly mix the sample of aggregate to be tested
containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested
and reduce the quantity to an amount suitable for testing using
sieves, arranged with the c
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