ASTM E1705-13
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Biotechnology
Standard Terminology Relating to Biotechnology
SCOPE
1.1 This document is composed of terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, and acronyms used in ASTM documents related to the field of biotechnology. Terms that are adequately defined in a general dictionary are not defined in this terminology standard.
1.2 This standard includes terminology used in biotechnology areas, such as, but not limited to: biological drug products, materials for biotechnology, characterization and identification of biological systems, aseptic sampling, preservation of biological samples, membrane filters, molecular biology, biomass conversion, fuel manufacturing facilities, and fuel analysis.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1705 − 13
StandardTerminology
1
Relating to Biotechnology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope aerobic—able to live, grow, or take place only where free
oxygen is present. E1126
1.1 This document is composed of terms, definitions of
terms, descriptions of terms, and acronyms used in ASTM
aerobic fermentation—fermentation processes that require
documents related to the field of biotechnology. Terms that are
the presence of air. E1126
adequately defined in a general dictionary are not defined in
anaerobic—living or active in an airless environment. E1126
this terminology standard.
1.2 This standard includes terminology used in biotechnol-
anaerobic bacteria—microbes whose metabolisms require the
ogy areas, such as, but not limited to: biological drug products, absence of free oxygen. E1126
materials for biotechnology, characterization and identification
anaerobic digester—a chemical reactor in which anaerobic
of biological systems, aseptic sampling, preservation of bio-
bacteria are used to decompose biomass or organic wastes to
logical samples, membrane filters, molecular biology, biomass
produce methane and carbon dioxide. E1126
conversion, fuel manufacturing facilities, and fuel analysis.
anaerobic digestion—degradation of organic matter by mi-
2. Referenced Documents
crobes in the absence of air (oxygen) to produce methane
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and carbon dioxide (biogas). E1126
E870 Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels
anaerobic fermentation—fermentation processes conducted
E1126 Terminology Relating to Biomass Fuels (Withdrawn
3
in the absence of air. The following anaerobic fermentation
2003)
processes are significant in obtaining useful forms of energy
E1287 PracticeforAsepticSamplingofBiologicalMaterials
3
from biomass: (1) alcoholic fermentation, fermentation pro-
(Withdrawn 2008)
cesses whereby certain microorganisms convert glucose and
E1344 Guide for Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing
other substrates with alcohol as an end product, (2 ) methane
Facilities
fermentation, generally termed anaerobic digestion (See also
E1357 Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching
anaerobic digestion). E1126
of Iron From Pyrite by Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans (With-
3
drawn 2010)
anhydrous—a material that does not contain water either
2.2 Federal Standards:
absorbed on its surface or as water of crystallization; a
Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 210 and
water-free product. E1126
4
211
aseptic sampling—sampling process in which no extraneous
3. Terminology
microorganismsorsubstancesareintroducedintothesample
3.1 Definitions:
or its original bulk material as a result of the sampling
system and activity. E1287
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of ash—inorganic residue remaining after combustion, deter-
Subcommittee E48.91 on Terminology.
mined by definite prescribed methods. E1126
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1705–11. DOI:
ash fusion temperature—melting point of ash, usually ex-
10.1520/E1705-13.
pressed in degrees Fahrenheit. Variations include oxidizing
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
atmosphere or reducing atmosphere, initial softening, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
final fluid temperature. Some specifications include two
the ASTM website.
intermediate points between initial softening and final fluid.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
E1126
www.astm.org.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
bagasse—residue remaining after extraction of a sugar-
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
dodssp.daps.dla.mil. containing juice from plants like sugar cane. E1126
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1705 − 13
bioconversion—a general term describing the use of biologi- dry basis moisture content—of biomass fuels, the ratio of the
cal systems to transform one compound into another. Ex- weight of the water in a sample to the weight of the dry
amples are digestion of organic wastes or
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1705 − 13 E1705 − 13
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Biotechnology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This document is composed of terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, and acronyms used in ASTM documents
related to the field of biotechnology. Terms that are adequately defined in a general dictionary are not defined in this terminology
standard.
1.2 This standard includes terminology used in biotechnology areas, such as, but not limited to: biological drug products,
materials for biotechnology, characterization and identification of biological systems, aseptic sampling, preservation of biological
samples, membrane filters, molecular biology, biomass conversion, fuel manufacturing facilities, and fuel analysis.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E870 Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels
3
E1126 Terminology Relating to Biomass Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)
3
E1287 Practice for Aseptic Sampling of Biological Materials (Withdrawn 2008)
E1344 Guide for Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing Facilities
E1357 Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching of Iron From Pyrite by Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans (Withdrawn
3
2010)
2.2 Federal Standards:
4
Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 210 and 211
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aerobic—able to live, grow, or take place only where free oxygen is present. E1126
aerobic fermentation—fermentation processes that require the presence of air. E1126
anaerobic—living or active in an airless environment. E1126
anaerobic bacteria—microbes whose metabolisms require the absence of free oxygen. E1126
anaerobic digester—a chemical reactor in which anaerobic bacteria are used to decompose biomass or organic wastes to produce
methane and carbon dioxide. E1126
anaerobic digestion—degradation of organic matter by microbes in the absence of air (oxygen) to produce methane and carbon
dioxide (biogas). E1126
anaerobic fermentation—fermentation processes conducted in the absence of air. The following anaerobic fermentation processes
are significant in obtaining useful forms of energy from biomass: (1) alcoholic fermentation, fermentation processes whereby
certain microorganisms convert glucose and other substrates with alcohol as an end product, (2 ) methane fermentation,
generally termed anaerobic digestion (See also anaerobic digestion). E1126
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E48.91 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1705–11. DOI:
10.1520/E1705-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1705 − 13
anhydrous—a material that does not contain water either absorbed on its surface or as water of crystallization; a water-free
product. E1126
aseptic sampling—sampling process in which no extraneous microorganisms or substances are introduced into the sample or its
original bulk material as a result of the sampling system and activity. E1287
ash—inorganic residue remaining after combustion, determined by definite prescribed methods. E1126
ash fusion temperature—melting point of ash, usually expressed in degrees Fahrenheit. Variations include oxidizing atmosphere
or reducing atmosphere, initial softening, or final fluid temperature. Some specifications include two intermediate points between
initial softening and final fluid. E1126
bagasse—residue remaining after extraction of a sugar-containing juice from plants like sugar c
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.